Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1983 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, & MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	16,794	8,545,500	690,259	915,712	8.1	10.7
3	Legislators	16	6,733	629	629	9.3	9.3
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public admin.	37	15,948	819	1,935	5.1	12.1
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	920	419,033	82,534	112,094	19.7	26.8
6	Administrators, protective services	117	54,862	7,539	9,975	13.7	18.2
7	Financial managers	640	332,249	3,893	6,801	1.2	2.0
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	213	105,071	4,217	6,178	4.0	5.9
9	Purchasing managers	151	81,490	2,821	4,535	3.5	5.6
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	687	377,561	7,889	13,285	2.1	3.5
14	Administrators, education and related fields	833	405,983	92,459	120,044	22.8	29.6
15	Managers, medicine and health	173	87,237	7,623	9,765	8.7	11.2
16	Managers, properties and real estate	354	185,230	9,595	11,852	5.2	6.4
17	Postmasters and mail superintendents	79	32,886	16,422	17,223	49.9	52.4
18	Funeral directors	45	24,561	2,536	2,536	10.3	10.4
19	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	7,473	3,810,584	222,731	293,633	5.8	7.7
23	Accountants and auditors	1,817	950,046	65,357	86,729	6.9	9.1
24	Underwriters	58	33,734	0	908	0.0	2.7
25	Other financial officers	935	474,075	16,364	25,750	3.5	5.4
26	Management analysts	139	73,148	2,506	5,337	3.4	7.3
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	578	298,235	42,514	53,811	14.3	18.0
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	28	11,358	0	737	0.0	6.5
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	318	160,520	6,419	9,131	4.0	5.7
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	355	191,898	11,056	17,667	5.8	9.2
34	Business and promotion agents	96	47,178	6,988	7,570	14.8	16.0
35	Construction inspectors	108	50,342	12,886	18,174	25.6	36.1
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, exc. construction	300	151,234	49,158	59,622	32.5	39.4
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	324	164,305	15,304	19,791	9.3	12.0
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS	14,334	7,298,006	920,492	1,259,152	12.6	17.3
43	Architects	126	62,099	2,403	3,132	3.9	5.0
44	Aerospace engineers	142	83,077	9,112	12,968	11.0	15.6
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	45	27,314	3,248	5,412	11.9	19.8
46	Mining engineers	22	6,791	700	787	10.3	11.6
47	Petroleum engineers	63	33,032	0	0	0.0	0.0
48	Chemical engineers	134	67,557	2,988	2,988	4.4	4.4
49	Nuclear engineers	30	16,079	1,052	3,035	6.5	18.9
53	Civil engineers	387	188,809	25,194	32,618	13.3	17.3
54	Agricultural engineers	10	5,670	0	620	0.0	10.9
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	784	431,728	30,503	52,616	7.1	12.2
56	Industrial engineers	371	205,420	14,533	18,876	7.1	9.2
57	Mechanical engineers	432	245,125	15,714	27,300	6.4	11.1
58	Marine and naval architects engineers	23	11,965	4,527	5,115	37.8	42.8
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	342	179,252	7,656	13,459	4.3	7.5
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	63	28,935	2,689	2,868	9.3	9.9
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	474	252,607	18,785	30,458	7.4	12.1
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	253	136,729	9,538	19,441	7.0	14.3
66	Actuaries	20	9,164	483	483	5.3	5.3
67	Statisticians	51	25,230	3,017	4,914	12.0	19.5
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	20	9,197	583	753	6.3	8.2
69	Physicists and astronomers	62	31,671	530	1,216	1.7	3.8
73	Chemists, except biochemists	187	100,317	8,143	10,526	8.1	10.5
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	23	10,599	712	780	6.7	7.4
75	Geologists and geodesists	118	52,944	2,001	2,702	3.8	5.1
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	18	8,090	42	552	0.5	6.8
77	Agricultural and food scientists	64	27,330	2,178	3,229	8.0	11.8
78	Biological and life scientists	123	56,933	5,995	10,238	10.5	18.0
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	89	31,132	4,524	4,726	14.5	15.2
83	Medical scientists	36	18,640	1,152	2,424	6.2	13.0
84	Physicians	455	243,505	14,949	25,470	6.1	10.5
85	Dentists	31	16,597	567	816	3.4	4.9
86	Veterinarians	28	12,899	389	389	3.0	3.0
87	Optometrists	5	2,057	0	0	0.0	0.0
88	Podiatrists	3	1,478	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	6	2,138	688	688	32.2	32.2
95	Registered nurses	2,701	1,364,192	224,283	312,652	16.4	22.9
96	Pharmacists	249	126,377	11,587	12,905	9.2	10.2
97	Dietitians	137	68,749	6,899	7,686	10.0	11.2
98	Inhalation therapists	135	67,843	5,254	7,152	7.7	10.5
99	Occupational therapists	57	28,746	7,463	9,607	26.0	33.4
103	Physical therapists	88	44,310	6,522	8,219	14.7	18.5
104	Speech therapists	90	47,557	24,811	29,621	52.2	62.3
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	84	41,478	11,633	15,697	28.0	37.8
106	Physicians' assistants	98	49,810	13,977	15,579	28.1	31.3
163	Counselors, educational and vocational	371	181,941	68,178	84,230	37.5	46.3
164	Librarians	397	190,932	66,250	77,828	34.7	40.8
165	Archivists and curators	39	18,340	147	1,133	0.8	6.2
166	Economists	185	88,554	1,141	6,456	1.3	7.3
167	Psychologists	211	107,781	22,631	29,276	21.0	27.2
168	Sociologists	3	1,103	871	871	79.0	79.0
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	25	8,647	1,389	1,531	16.1	17.7
173	Urban planners	24	12,089	685	1,867	5.7	15.4
174	Social workers	808	406,568	102,732	139,619	25.3	34.4
175	Recreation workers	133	62,700	6,901	7,412	11.0	11.8
176	Clergy	512	252,981	3,009	9,596	1.2	3.8
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	110	60,504	0	0	0.0	0.0
178	Lawyers	597	307,273	19,085	24,436	6.2	8.0
179	Judges	84	39,193	3,173	4,014	8.1	10.2
183	Authors	28	13,361	1,862	1,862	13.9	13.9
184	Technical writers	88	49,595	2,768	4,020	5.6	8.1
185	Designers	544	275,449	16,664	22,880	6.0	8.3
186	Musicians and composers	157	77,110	20,772	22,047	26.9	28.6
187	Actors and directors	80	41,492	12,443	13,621	30.0	32.8
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist print-makers	157	85,005	7,221	12,156	8.5	14.3
189	Photographers	134	67,993	9,573	11,700	14.1	17.2
193	Dancers	17	7,571	0	237	0.0	3.1
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	76	37,689	4,443	6,401	11.8	17.0
195	Editors and reporters	411	193,183	22,625	27,975	11.7	14.5
197	Public relations specialists	293	152,892	9,821	15,018	6.4	9.8
198	Announcers	83	31,835	4,571	4,667	14.4	14.7
199	Athletes	88	45,054	4,517	7,584	10.0	16.8
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,254	616,659	123,130	173,316	20.0	28.1
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	14	6,279	629	629	10.0	10.0
114	Biological science teachers	54	26,442	7,052	9,075	26.7	34.3
115	Chemistry teachers	40	18,701	2,279	2,875	12.2	15.4
116	Physics teachers	13	8,415	0	584	0.0	6.9
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	1	121	0	121	0.0	100.0
118	Psychology teachers	36	15,947	2,387	3,161	15.0	19.8
119	Economics teachers	42	24,076	4,569	7,584	19.0	31.5
123	History teachers	29	14,544	1,962	3,742	13.5	25.7
124	Political science teachers	21	10,604	2,882	3,722	27.2	35.1
125	Sociology teachers	17	9,060	2,698	3,857	29.8	42.6
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	12	7,873	1,781	1,781	22.6	22.6
127	Engineering teachers	64	31,855	9,095	12,163	28.6	38.2
128	Mathematical science teachers	83	44,372	11,842	14,375	26.7	32.4
129	Computer science teachers	27	12,784	2,946	3,700	23.0	28.9
133	Medical science teachers	21	11,725	2,321	2,902	19.8	24.8
134	Health specialties teachers	91	44,828	11,296	14,622	25.2	32.6
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	57	26,630	5,752	9,639	21.6	36.2
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	10	4,316	557	854	12.9	19.8
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	86	42,575	8,736	13,108	20.5	30.8
138	Physical education teachers	28	15,233	1,688	3,613	11.1	23.7
139	Education teachers	18	8,200	1,902	2,424	23.2	29.6
143	English teachers	103	49,179	10,363	17,173	21.1	34.9
144	Foreign language teachers	50	27,205	5,361	6,651	19.7	24.4
145	Law teachers	11	5,752	668	906	11.6	15.8
146	Social work teachers	9	3,393	728	728	21.4	21.4
147	Theology teachers	20	9,789	1,796	2,792	18.3	28.5
148	Trade and industrial teachers	14	6,333	3,259	3,259	51.5	51.5
149	Home economics teachers	8	3,520	1,276	1,276	36.2	36.2
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	9	4,188	845	845	20.2	20.2
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	266	122,721	16,459	25,156	13.4	20.5
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,610	3,196,529	1,620,095	1,959,216	50.7	61.3
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	583	285,044	74,894	93,178	26.3	32.7
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,778	1,349,164	778,304	932,236	57.7	69.1
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,503	1,203,853	690,945	835,222	57.4	69.4
158	Teachers, special education	164	84,515	46,495	55,487	55.0	65.8
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	582	273,954	29,457	43,093	10.8	15.8
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,794	3,000,551	398,566	514,542	13.3	17.2
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	489	254,862	24,957	33,363	9.8	13.1
204	Dental hygienists	130	65,915	4,852	4,852	7.4	7.4
205	Health record technologists and technicians	94	46,161	6,311	8,443	13.7	18.3
206	Radiologic technicians	197	97,731	12,267	15,222	12.6	15.6
207	Licensed practical nurses	893	455,738	71,330	88,026	15.7	19.3
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	372	199,367	21,814	30,758	10.9	15.5
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	494	262,383	56,296	67,867	21.5	25.9
214	Industrial engineering technicians	16	8,921	1,516	2,197	17.0	24.6
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	29	14,889	1,807	2,297	12.1	15.4
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	415	229,476	32,005	42,991	13.9	18.7
217	Drafting occupations	499	263,541	29,822	44,961	11.3	17.1
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	103	47,896	10,638	13,671	22.2	29.0
223	Biological technicians	103	49,500	5,384	7,506	10.9	15.2
224	Chemical technicians	154	75,307	10,285	12,882	13.7	17.1
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	140	67,380	10,421	11,937	15.5	17.7
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	125	61,430	28,602	29,851	46.6	48.6
227	Air traffic controllers	57	28,461	5,646	7,753	19.8	27.2
228	Broadcast equipment operators	66	28,308	7,573	7,696	26.8	27.2
229	Computer programmers	759	408,499	23,294	36,947	5.7	9.0
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	7	3,797	628	1,162	16.5	30.6
234	Legal assistants	243	121,936	5,546	7,255	4.5	5.9
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	409	209,054	27,573	36,905	13.2	17.7
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	18,004	9,234,254	615,676	738,594	6.7	8.0
243	Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations	3,462	1,774,091	114,621	141,553	6.5	8.0
253	Insurance sales occupations	728	382,088	15,740	22,359	4.1	5.9
254	Real estate sales occupations	574	287,595	3,480	6,954	1.2	2.4
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	296	163,295	1,288	1,928	0.8	1.2
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	219	109,048	7,625	9,537	7.0	8.7
257	Sales occupations, other business services	634	338,256	19,392	23,105	5.7	6.8
258	Sales engineers	58	32,041	600	1,236	1.9	3.9
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	2,231	1,182,385	28,342	41,168	2.4	3.5
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	404	200,169	1,796	2,465	0.9	1.2
264	Sales workers, apparel	871	437,144	15,320	19,172	3.5	4.4
265	Sales workers, shoes	203	110,621	3,721	4,259	3.4	3.9
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	216	110,512	1,945	2,651	1.8	2.4
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	211	109,193	2,350	2,564	2.2	2.3
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	355	172,650	3,127	5,300	1.8	3.1
269	Sales workers, parts	287	143,858	7,269	11,683	5.1	8.1
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,647	1,337,101	50,985	63,383	3.8	4.7
275	Sales counter clerks	240	120,966	6,805	7,434	5.6	6.1
276	Cashiers	3,819	1,949,673	322,961	359,562	16.6	18.4
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	311	155,818	3,453	4,103	2.2	2.6
278	News vendors	160	78,242	1,702	4,236	2.2	5.4
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	45	22,262	3,153	3,153	14.2	14.2
284	Auctioneers	8	2,711	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	25	14,535	0	788	0.0	5.4
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INC. CLERICAL	31,089	15,789,498	2,363,028	2,945,429	15.0	18.7
303	Supervisors, general office	750	377,897	43,884	64,524	11.6	17.1
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	75	39,207	3,074	5,411	7.8	13.8
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	186	102,790	6,780	8,415	6.6	8.2
306	Chief communications operators	10	4,638	714	807	15.4	17.4
307	Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	282	149,727	33,761	40,321	22.5	26.9
308	Computer operators	1,095	582,058	82,105	102,715	14.1	17.6
309	Peripheral equipment operators	19	9,285	1,431	1,431	15.4	15.4
313	Secretaries	7,525	3,776,551	272,268	389,858	7.2	10.3
314	Stenographers	110	53,252	15,225	21,822	28.6	41.0
315	Typists	1,724	879,970	122,697	157,994	13.9	18.0
316	Interviewers	341	184,668	11,197	15,916	6.1	8.6
317	Hotel clerks	142	55,673	3,470	4,349	6.2	7.8
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	196	99,379	24,432	28,782	24.6	29.0
319	Receptionists	1,173	581,929	32,126	36,550	5.5	6.3
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	368	198,224	23,439	26,864	11.8	13.6
325	Classified-ad clerks	12	5,931	1,895	2,265	32.0	38.2
326	Correspondence clerks	33	17,582	1,180	2,293	6.7	13.0
327	Order clerks	329	170,080	53,933	66,825	31.7	39.3
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	112	55,124	9,846	14,528	17.9	26.4
329	Library clerks	298	150,020	17,351	26,208	11.6	17.5
335	File clerks	559	293,253	38,244	51,319	13.0	17.5
336	Records clerks	305	155,743	32,248	40,171	20.7	25.8
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	3,402	1,654,654	116,018	149,789	7.0	9.1
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	358	188,040	26,898	38,377	14.3	20.4
339	Billing clerks	273	137,671	20,606	25,825	15.0	18.8
343	Cost and rate clerks	184	95,642	14,627	16,946	15.3	17.7
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	102	54,818	4,823	5,543	8.8	10.1
345	Duplicating machine operators	36	19,862	2,525	3,744	12.7	18.8
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	16	7,713	4,044	4,044	52.4	52.4
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	68	35,444	2,476	3,017	7.0	8.5
348	Telephone operators	485	240,866	102,012	111,132	42.4	46.1
349	Telegraphers	15	4,435	2,986	3,418	67.3	77.1
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	11	5,744	0	0	0.0	0.0
354	Postal clerks, exc. mail carriers	517	249,766	186,926	217,650	74.8	87.1
355	Mail carriers, postal service	536	265,834	221,803	237,769	83.4	89.7
356	Mail clerks, exc. postal service	336	169,387	23,059	31,475	13.6	18.6
357	Messengers	228	120,397	12,388	14,035	10.3	11.7
359	Dispatchers	305	153,370	46,515	49,582	30.3	32.3
363	Production coordinators	331	182,334	32,995	41,783	18.1	22.9
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	787	427,938	138,639	149,181	32.4	34.9
365	Stock and inventory clerks	1,009	527,701	113,571	136,782	21.5	25.9
366	Meter readers	94	46,304	25,858	29,125	55.8	62.9
368	Weighers, measurers, and checkers	166	85,165	22,958	23,935	27.0	28.1
369	Samplers	2	1,038	0	0	0.0	0.0
373	Expediters	208	108,006	19,034	22,130	17.6	20.6
374	Material recording, scheduling, & distributing clerks, n.e.c.	58	32,667	5,237	7,976	16.0	24.4
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	360	195,471	8,337	12,883	4.3	6.6
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	579	307,612	33,560	43,500	10.9	14.1
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	140	67,399	15,814	20,762	23.5	30.8
378	Bill and account collectors	194	102,348	9,147	11,651	8.9	11.4
379	General office clerks	1,231	626,763	108,294	136,074	17.3	21.7
383	Bank tellers	957	480,557	10,577	16,822	2.2	3.5
384	Proofreaders	49	26,806	1,500	1,500	5.6	5.6
385	Data-entry keyers	587	310,809	31,255	43,756	10.1	14.1
386	Statistical clerks	168	89,757	20,099	23,318	22.4	26.0
387	Teachers aides	714	353,436	90,889	128,007	25.7	36.2
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	939	470,766	56,256	74,529	11.9	15.8
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD	1,983	964,385	1,440	2,010	0.1	0.2
403	Launderers and ironers	4	1,660	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	38	16,030	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	73	41,064	591	591	1.4	1.4
406	Child care workers, private household	876	408,540	849	1,419	0.2	0.3
407	Private household cleaners and servants	992	497,092	0	0	0.0	0.0
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PROTECTIVE SERVICE	3,181	1,673,647	653,013	745,682	39.0	44.6
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	58	31,573	23,808	26,139	75.4	82.8
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	110	58,628	31,514	35,777	53.8	61.0
415	Supervisors, guards	56	29,294	3,544	4,339	12.1	14.8
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	37	16,171	8,362	8,841	51.7	54.7
417	Firefighting occupations	349	173,483	135,832	141,815	78.3	81.7
418	Police and detectives, public service	791	421,033	229,632	262,313	54.5	62.3
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	185	89,222	36,512	42,982	40.9	48.2
424	Correctional institution officers	270	145,289	63,884	76,089	44.0	52.4
425	Crossing guards	86	47,825	8,076	10,955	16.9	22.9
426	Guards and police, exc. public service	1,094	591,207	106,521	128,916	18.0	21.8
427