Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1988 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, & MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	19,288	11,337,302	734,067	976,735	6.5	8.6
3	Legislators	28	15,473	420	565	2.7	3.7
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public admin.	25	15,304	698	698	4.6	4.6
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	881	466,771	97,084	123,685	20.8	26.5
6	Administrators, protective services	104	52,671	11,948	13,993	22.7	26.6
7	Financial managers	825	482,794	12,034	17,029	2.5	3.5
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	200	115,333	3,961	6,029	3.4	5.2
9	Purchasing managers	167	104,263	2,460	2,931	2.4	2.8
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	764	462,887	5,444	9,662	1.2	2.1
14	Administrators, education and related fields	934	539,973	111,044	146,034	20.6	27.0
15	Managers, medicine and health	279	153,106	8,099	11,457	5.3	7.5
16	Managers, properties and real estate	443	279,660	13,337	16,329	4.8	5.8
17	Postmasters and mail superintendents	81	38,826	21,167	21,548	54.5	55.5
18	Funeral directors	32	17,533	1,022	1,022	5.8	5.8
19	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	8,846	5,203,037	195,862	262,410	3.8	5.0
23	Accountants and auditors	1,947	1,174,092	74,872	103,435	6.4	8.8
24	Underwriters	144	86,704	310	2,216	0.4	2.6
25	Other financial officers	1,001	597,419	22,107	29,275	3.7	4.9
26	Management analysts	168	99,254	3,909	11,427	3.9	11.5
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	662	390,222	31,763	47,765	8.1	12.2
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	15	5,438	0	0	0.0	0.0
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	308	192,751	13,300	14,226	6.9	7.4
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	401	240,180	10,256	17,954	4.3	7.5
34	Business and promotion agents	20	13,971	1,937	1,937	13.9	13.9
35	Construction inspectors	101	61,277	15,997	20,058	26.1	32.7
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, exc. construction	340	197,878	49,679	66,567	25.1	33.6
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	572	330,483	25,358	28,483	7.7	8.6
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS	14,975	8,734,152	983,094	1,226,397	11.3	14.0
43	Architects	168	103,347	5,332	5,943	5.2	5.8
44	Aerospace engineers	132	110,532	7,243	11,453	6.6	10.4
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	39	21,048	5,511	5,511	26.2	26.2
46	Mining engineers	13	4,016	253	253	6.3	6.3
47	Petroleum engineers	35	25,382	0	0	0.0	0.0
48	Chemical engineers	113	57,827	3,313	6,057	5.7	10.5
49	Nuclear engineers	23	13,079	256	256	2.0	2.0
53	Civil engineers	353	194,114	21,570	30,640	11.1	15.8
54	Agricultural engineers	4	2,337	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	912	566,280	35,498	53,708	6.3	9.5
56	Industrial engineers	357	226,049	18,740	22,399	8.3	9.9
57	Mechanical engineers	479	288,565	22,921	26,329	7.9	9.1
58	Marine and naval architects engineers	23	12,524	3,812	3,812	30.4	30.4
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	369	224,785	11,935	13,572	5.3	6.0
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	39	17,369	2,059	2,059	11.9	11.9
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	721	431,997	11,625	20,323	2.7	4.7
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	345	213,353	15,816	22,265	7.4	10.4
66	Actuaries	20	10,771	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	54	31,932	1,502	4,346	4.7	13.6
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	9	6,699	1,197	1,860	17.9	27.8
69	Physicists and astronomers	55	28,295	2,014	2,426	7.1	8.6
73	Chemists, except biochemists	220	126,169	5,043	8,948	4.0	7.1
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	16	9,469	2,165	3,159	22.9	33.4
75	Geologists and geodesists	73	40,925	371	1,562	0.9	3.8
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	24	11,948	1,238	1,238	10.4	10.4
77	Agricultural and food scientists	48	17,999	1,780	1,780	9.9	9.9
78	Biological and life scientists	126	69,352	4,089	7,013	5.9	10.1
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	61	28,494	2,614	3,965	9.2	13.9
83	Medical scientists	60	38,372	4,323	4,323	11.3	11.3
84	Physicians	434	273,137	12,461	20,017	4.6	7.3
85	Dentists	41	26,959	982	1,107	3.6	4.1
86	Veterinarians	35	18,786	0	0	0.0	0.0
87	Optometrists	11	5,541	0	0	0.0	0.0
88	Podiatrists	2	1,310	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	9	6,511	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	2,716	1,519,594	253,331	301,277	16.7	19.8
96	Pharmacists	242	137,787	12,037	14,484	8.7	10.5
97	Dietitians	131	72,224	8,049	9,636	11.1	13.3
98	Inhalation therapists	103	64,301	8,289	9,700	12.9	15.1
99	Occupational therapists	43	25,204	5,917	6,475	23.5	25.7
103	Physical therapists	118	72,530	2,254	2,758	3.1	3.8
104	Speech therapists	109	57,690	23,098	29,951	40.0	51.9
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	93	58,496	9,189	9,189	15.7	15.7
106	Physicians' assistants	90	52,870	16,339	16,339	30.9	30.9
163	Counselors, educational and vocational	366	205,946	91,267	107,349	44.3	52.1
164	Librarians	352	189,800	47,250	58,540	24.9	30.8
165	Archivists and curators	38	21,214	1,846	1,846	8.7	8.7
166	Economists	172	96,526	7,837	10,144	8.1	10.5
167	Psychologists	255	147,277	22,326	27,952	15.2	19.0
168	Sociologists	1	304	304	304	100.0	100.0
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	22	8,542	1,658	2,435	19.4	28.5
173	Urban planners	30	16,487	1,857	4,160	11.3	25.2
174	Social workers	900	532,861	112,359	136,246	21.1	25.6
175	Recreation workers	158	93,364	3,680	5,479	3.9	5.9
176	Clergy	536	306,864	7,794	10,455	2.5	3.4
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	115	62,351	1,056	1,795	1.7	2.9
178	Lawyers	674	390,843	18,138	21,244	4.6	5.4
179	Judges	61	32,829	3,092	3,092	9.4	9.4
183	Authors	21	13,784	2,452	2,452	17.8	17.8
184	Technical writers	105	58,528	3,740	4,874	6.4	8.3
185	Designers	623	365,756	16,432	19,962	4.5	5.5
186	Musicians and composers	117	71,158	10,640	11,909	15.0	16.7
187	Actors and directors	118	76,112	15,066	19,982	19.8	26.3
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist print-makers	161	102,217	8,563	13,078	8.4	12.8
189	Photographers	123	74,869	11,679	13,077	15.6	17.5
193	Dancers	23	12,656	547	547	4.3	4.3
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	65	37,152	6,931	8,813	18.7	23.7
195	Editors and reporters	424	239,101	21,891	26,473	9.2	11.1
197	Public relations specialists	265	147,964	9,574	12,486	6.5	8.4
198	Announcers	82	42,083	2,160	3,722	5.1	8.8
199	Athletes	100	61,596	8,789	11,848	14.3	19.2
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,258	680,475	138,785	176,693	20.4	26.0
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	14	6,839	0	619	0.0	9.1
114	Biological science teachers	47	22,678	3,865	7,467	17.0	32.9
115	Chemistry teachers	29	15,471	2,373	5,537	15.3	35.8
116	Physics teachers	20	9,476	979	1,688	10.3	17.8
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	4	3,047	1,655	1,655	54.3	54.3
118	Psychology teachers	39	21,852	4,388	5,493	20.1	25.1
119	Economics teachers	35	19,468	1,104	2,064	5.7	10.6
123	History teachers	27	17,060	5,064	6,518	29.7	38.2
124	Political science teachers	19	13,326	4,143	4,713	31.1	35.4
125	Sociology teachers	17	10,161	3,081	3,081	30.3	30.3
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	8	2,725	1,289	1,289	47.3	47.3
127	Engineering teachers	55	28,780	4,254	5,919	14.8	20.6
128	Mathematical science teachers	84	45,483	13,937	16,823	30.6	37.0
129	Computer science teachers	34	20,825	2,270	4,301	10.9	20.7
133	Medical science teachers	12	5,563	1,070	1,070	19.2	19.2
134	Health specialties teachers	68	36,838	6,780	8,614	18.4	23.4
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	56	29,331	4,641	6,109	15.8	20.8
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	9	4,283	329	329	7.7	7.7
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	92	51,931	13,750	18,240	26.5	35.1
138	Physical education teachers	27	13,882	3,942	4,652	28.4	33.5
139	Education teachers	24	11,500	2,027	3,371	17.6	29.3
143	English teachers	99	52,516	16,122	18,037	30.7	34.3
144	Foreign language teachers	35	22,026	4,800	5,986	21.8	27.2
145	Law teachers	12	5,702	2,174	2,174	38.1	38.1
146	Social work teachers	1	83	0	0	0.0	0.0
147	Theology teachers	17	10,228	577	1,475	5.6	14.4
148	Trade and industrial teachers	9	4,544	2,464	2,582	54.2	56.8
149	Home economics teachers	4	1,422	838	838	58.9	58.9
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	9	3,722	0	0	0.0	0.0
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	352	189,713	30,866	36,046	16.3	19.0
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,544	3,617,485	1,788,263	2,090,253	49.4	57.8
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	643	373,424	89,818	110,694	24.1	29.6
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,611	1,429,282	806,523	945,011	56.4	66.1
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,181	1,180,534	712,156	818,520	60.3	69.3
158	Teachers, special education	435	245,540	138,179	163,508	56.3	66.6
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	674	388,705	41,586	52,520	10.7	13.5
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,908	3,461,724	391,431	468,871	11.3	13.5
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	471	271,005	32,314	36,662	11.9	13.5
204	Dental hygienists	149	79,563	2,211	2,298	2.8	2.9
205	Health record technologists and technicians	100	57,191	1,955	2,081	3.4	3.6
206	Radiologic technicians	230	136,450	11,400	12,689	8.4	9.3
207	Licensed practical nurses	702	402,047	58,087	64,750	14.4	16.1
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	424	258,066	31,539	35,735	12.2	13.8
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	539	319,174	49,969	59,993	15.7	18.8
214	Industrial engineering technicians	12	5,562	1,211	1,211	21.8	21.8
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	22	10,878	2,254	2,254	20.7	20.7
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	368	219,908	19,676	27,407	8.9	12.5
217	Drafting occupations	472	281,066	25,121	32,699	8.9	11.6
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	133	75,932	10,022	12,469	13.2	16.4
223	Biological technicians	100	57,858	4,164	4,164	7.2	7.2
224	Chemical technicians	161	82,938	13,366	14,993	16.1	18.1
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	145	80,808	7,177	8,538	8.9	10.6
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	154	83,883	42,383	44,015	50.5	52.5
227	Air traffic controllers	57	34,171	15,852	17,811	46.4	52.1
228	Broadcast equipment operators	26	11,893	1,586	1,586	13.3	13.3
229	Computer programmers	872	565,704	23,652	38,341	4.2	6.8
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	6	3,702	0	0	0.0	0.0
234	Legal assistants	340	197,418	11,136	16,662	5.6	8.4
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	425	226,508	26,356	32,514	11.6	14.4
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	18,770	11,018,803	587,275	688,601	5.3	6.2
243	Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations	4,041	2,367,516	129,758	155,532	5.5	6.6
253	Insurance sales occupations	626	363,399	12,815	19,396	3.5	5.3
254	Real estate sales occupations	754	441,031	10,228	14,537	2.3	3.3
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	416	258,450	4,250	6,444	1.6	2.5
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	254	141,223	3,275	5,614	2.3	4.0
257	Sales occupations, other business services	792	508,059	24,767	30,628	4.9	6.0
258	Sales engineers	30	16,448	0	1,065	0.0	6.5
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	2,248	1,350,893	18,456	28,845	1.4	2.1
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	431	249,013	2,185	5,090	0.9	2.0
264	Sales workers, apparel	762	440,141	4,770	4,770	1.1	1.1
265	Sales workers, shoes	182	107,884	0	0	0.0	0.0
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	252	150,233	2,116	3,119	1.4	2.1
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	272	154,492	0	1,067	0.0	0.7
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	339	186,797	2,345	3,905	1.3	2.1
269	Sales workers, parts	256	146,747	6,455	8,429	4.4	5.7
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,440	1,423,365	49,781	61,208	3.5	4.3
275	Sales counter clerks	295	171,973	3,973	5,061	2.3	2.9
276	Cashiers	3,910	2,265,714	305,641	326,094	13.5	14.4
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	264	157,565	3,000	3,420	1.9	2.2
278	News vendors	124	71,870	2,000	2,000	2.8	2.8
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	56	31,820	1,130	2,049	3.6	6.4
284	Auctioneers	3	806	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	23	13,366	330	330	2.5	2.5
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INC. CLERICAL	30,434	17,790,460	2,332,980	2,818,442	13.1	15.8
303	Supervisors, general office	735	459,103	62,960	81,820	13.7	17.8
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	82	51,758	7,057	9,097	13.6	17.6
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	146	95,378	2,472	3,530	2.6	3.7
306	Chief communications operators	7	3,894	846	846	21.7	21.7
307	Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	263	161,522	34,419	40,759	21.3	25.2
308	Computer operators	1,414	866,020	90,702	120,052	10.5	13.9
309	Peripheral equipment operators	9	6,112	2,201	2,201	36.0	36.0
313	Secretaries	6,861	3,859,959	263,323	358,293	6.8	9.3
314	Stenographers	70	35,278	8,331	10,031	23.6	28.4
315	Typists	1,308	799,620	87,712	117,874	11.0	14.7
316	Interviewers	267	155,886	4,831	8,392	3.1	5.4
317	Hotel clerks	209	104,729	5,128	5,815	4.9	5.6
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	215	126,494	28,949	32,880	22.9	26.0
319	Receptionists	1,407	857,580	36,189	39,027	4.2	4.6
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	400	228,678	17,920	25,574	7.8	11.2
325	Classified-ad clerks	7	4,381	471	784	10.8	17.9
326	Correspondence clerks	30	14,166	153	833	1.1	5.9
327	Order clerks	325	184,241	50,365	58,309	27.3	31.6
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	103	56,789	6,533	9,274	11.5	16.3
329	Library clerks	250	145,071	25,816	34,840	17.8	24.0
335	File clerks	458	280,781	22,319	28,790	7.9	10.3
336	Records clerks	236	134,597	16,117	20,851	12.0	15.5
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	3,069	1,725,820	65,061	86,930	3.8	5.0
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	308	174,898	29,269	32,641	16.7	18.7
339	Billing clerks	247	145,422	12,615	13,541	8.7	9.3
343	Cost and rate clerks	121	67,049	5,019	5,656	7.5	8.4
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	71	38,961	3,491	3,626	9.0	9.3
345	Duplicating machine operators	35	19,958	2,110	2,775	10.6	13.9
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	20	14,114	3,191	3,940	22.6	27.9
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	58	35,590	2,056	2,056	5.8	5.8
348	Telephone operators	363	205,217	78,263	85,552	38.1	41.7
349	Telegraphers	5	2,033	871	871	42.8	42.8
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	5	2,964	0	0	0.0	0.0
354	Postal clerks, exc. mail carriers	528	311,366	223,704	252,704	71.8	81.2
355	Mail carriers, postal service	540	315,940	264,670	281,160	83.8	89.0
356	Mail clerks, exc. postal service	274	160,221	18,699	22,083	11.7	13.8
357	Messengers	203	127,212	4,122	7,028	3.2	5.5
359	Dispatchers	298	157,126	38,896	41,999	24.8	26.7
363	Production coordinators	312	189,530	29,812	33,450	15.7	17.6
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	857	528,189	118,812	129,303	22.5	24.5
365	Stock and inventory clerks	915	554,801	107,301	124,809	19.3	22.5
366	Meter readers	89	50,763	20,404	23,526	40.2	46.3
368	Weighers, measurers, and checkers	141	75,024	21,295	21,815	28.4	29.1
369	Samplers	3	1,915	1,008	1,008	52.6	52.6
373	Expediters	163	99,390	13,171	14,503	13.3	14.6
374	Material recording, scheduling, & distributing clerks, n.e.c.	34	18,560	4,357	5,042	23.5	27.2
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	468	277,030	10,594	12,812	3.8	4.6
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	801	477,640	40,927	46,241	8.6	9.7
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	116	71,910	14,954	19,500	20.8	27.1
378	Bill and account collectors	205	124,676	8,710	9,477	7.0	7.6
379	General office clerks	1,338	809,367	93,053	113,061	11.5	14.0
383	Bank tellers	855	490,990	11,963	18,939	2.4	3.9
384	Proofreaders	50	28,786	857	857	3.0	3.0
385	Data-entry keyers	597	358,655	28,083	40,555	7.8	11.3
386	Statistical clerks	133	82,717	14,299	18,708	17.3	22.6
387	Teachers aides	731	421,899	113,462	152,132	26.9	36.1
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,679	992,690	153,064	180,271	15.4	18.2
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD	1,492	899,929	0	0	0.0	0.0
403	Launderers and ironers	3	2,003	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	27	15,003	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	52	33,525	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	666	367,495	0	0	0.0	0.0
407	Private household cleaners and servants	744	481,903	0	0	0.0	0.0
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PROTECTIVE SERVICE	3,206	1,969,001	765,154	838,640	38.9	42.6
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	65	37,587	23,299	25,270	62.0	67.2
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	165	101,037	55,412	61,677	54.8	61.0
415	Supervisors, guards	72	45,086	7,467	8,889	16.6	19.7
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	39	20,193	3,367	4,787	16.7	23.7
417	Firefighting occupations	342	199,557	141,746	148,716	71.0	74.5
418	Police and detectives, public service	680	429,385	261,911	288,303	61.0	67.1
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	195	114,688	47,203	54,727	41.2	47.7
424	Correctional institution officers	351	217,230	122,253	126,439	56.3	58.2
425	Crossing guards	75	44,366	5,661	6,565	12.8	14.8
426	Guards and police, exc. public service	1,094	689,290	91,923	107,570	13.3	15.6
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	128</