Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1989 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, & MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	20,209	11,949,620	742,122	984,003	6.2	8.2
3	Legislators	31	15,726	3,007	3,007	19.1	19.1
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public admin.	31	19,620	958	2,271	4.9	11.6
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	977	516,713	91,561	125,182	17.7	24.2
6	Administrators, protective services	115	58,436	8,846	13,319	15.1	22.8
7	Financial managers	773	451,474	6,217	11,271	1.4	2.5
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	216	127,426	3,580	4,222	2.8	3.3
9	Purchasing managers	188	113,156	2,239	3,163	2.0	2.8
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	819	504,243	12,901	17,717	2.6	3.5
14	Administrators, education and related fields	992	545,150	104,536	142,640	19.2	26.2
15	Managers, medicine and health	311	187,307	9,366	13,086	5.0	7.0
16	Managers, properties and real estate	460	302,848	11,387	12,526	3.8	4.1
17	Postmasters and mail superintendents	70	31,861	15,129	15,772	47.5	49.5
18	Funeral directors	44	24,586	1,027	1,027	4.2	4.2
19	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	9,312	5,555,799	217,540	293,023	3.9	5.3
23	Accountants and auditors	2,051	1,248,296	81,114	111,057	6.5	8.9
24	Underwriters	161	105,135	2,823	3,856	2.7	3.7
25	Other financial officers	1,071	631,397	12,434	19,120	2.0	3.0
26	Management analysts	161	93,461	866	4,076	0.9	4.4
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	680	408,934	42,285	52,861	10.3	12.9
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	12	4,666	505	505	10.8	10.8
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	290	174,379	5,010	6,648	2.9	3.8
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	406	243,269	16,253	21,904	6.7	9.0
34	Business and promotion agents	20	12,716	583	583	4.6	4.6
35	Construction inspectors	102	56,554	13,994	14,987	24.7	26.5
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, exc. construction	324	173,822	56,759	64,563	32.7	37.1
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	592	342,645	21,200	25,616	6.2	7.5
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS	15,308	8,906,739	1,016,927	1,273,124	11.4	14.3
43	Architects	173	113,900	5,866	6,719	5.2	5.9
44	Aerospace engineers	139	111,140	12,625	18,188	11.4	16.4
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	32	19,025	1,691	2,191	8.9	11.5
46	Mining engineers	10	3,710	0	0	0.0	0.0
47	Petroleum engineers	38	19,374	0	0	0.0	0.0
48	Chemical engineers	116	59,307	2,109	4,106	3.6	6.9
49	Nuclear engineers	18	10,221	1,114	1,700	10.9	16.6
53	Civil engineers	400	233,242	30,518	41,560	13.1	17.8
54	Agricultural engineers	3	1,715	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	835	519,549	27,057	32,370	5.2	6.2
56	Industrial engineers	312	190,704	13,208	18,675	6.9	9.8
57	Mechanical engineers	479	292,318	21,995	27,919	7.5	9.6
58	Marine and naval architects engineers	26	13,801	1,214	1,214	8.8	8.8
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	361	216,581	9,455	13,308	4.4	6.1
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	39	23,946	1,746	1,746	7.3	7.3
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	832	513,601	27,711	37,869	5.4	7.4
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	358	232,273	19,078	28,470	8.2	12.3
66	Actuaries	25	15,941	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	35	23,236	783	3,013	3.4	13.0
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	12	7,700	0	1,532	0.0	19.9
69	Physicists and astronomers	53	26,022	1,693	3,351	6.5	12.9
73	Chemists, except biochemists	188	109,108	6,193	6,808	5.7	6.2
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	14	6,343	385	385	6.1	6.1
75	Geologists and geodesists	75	42,649	2,487	3,141	5.8	7.4
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	30	18,786	2,501	3,427	13.3	18.2
77	Agricultural and food scientists	36	15,884	960	1,846	6.0	11.6
78	Biological and life scientists	138	69,348	8,215	10,103	11.8	14.6
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	67	29,971	3,358	3,358	11.2	11.2
83	Medical scientists	71	44,207	1,445	3,795	3.3	8.6
84	Physicians	439	262,534	13,781	27,389	5.2	10.4
85	Dentists	35	20,546	1,144	2,378	5.6	11.6
86	Veterinarians	32	16,694	0	0	0.0	0.0
87	Optometrists	11	5,989	0	0	0.0	0.0
88	Podiatrists	1	607	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	14	9,119	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	2,818	1,567,551	270,868	312,467	17.3	19.9
96	Pharmacists	243	136,662	8,207	11,516	6.0	8.4
97	Dietitians	133	74,844	7,515	9,445	10.0	12.6
98	Inhalation therapists	94	54,098	2,827	4,046	5.2	7.5
99	Occupational therapists	65	38,181	10,142	10,853	26.6	28.4
103	Physical therapists	137	75,219	4,509	8,387	6.0	11.1
104	Speech therapists	107	58,899	20,943	27,578	35.6	46.8
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	103	62,798	10,037	11,828	16.0	18.8
106	Physicians' assistants	99	63,600	18,989	19,914	29.9	31.3
163	Counselors, educational and vocational	383	211,847	82,196	101,840	38.8	48.1
164	Librarians	351	186,968	51,345	64,444	27.5	34.5
165	Archivists and curators	38	18,413	2,287	2,287	12.4	12.4
166	Economists	188	121,061	5,473	11,712	4.5	9.7
167	Psychologists	228	133,641	25,992	31,582	19.4	23.6
168	Sociologists	5	3,226	957	957	29.7	29.7
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	28	12,053	421	1,185	3.5	9.8
173	Urban planners	32	19,996	1,359	1,989	6.8	9.9
174	Social workers	920	523,742	134,758	153,058	25.7	29.2
175	Recreation workers	173	91,666	1,854	6,314	2.0	6.9
176	Clergy	544	296,809	3,294	6,990	1.1	2.4
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	126	74,502	1,244	1,842	1.7	2.5
178	Lawyers	711	410,851	18,701	24,491	4.6	6.0
179	Judges	61	35,772	5,719	5,719	16.0	16.0
183	Authors	20	10,911	931	931	8.5	8.5
184	Technical writers	103	61,366	3,318	3,700	5.4	6.0
185	Designers	657	391,367	22,242	28,931	5.7	7.4
186	Musicians and composers	130	77,123	9,455	9,455	12.3	12.3
187	Actors and directors	100	64,321	8,929	9,312	13.9	14.5
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist print-makers	175	111,616	7,701	11,291	6.9	10.1
189	Photographers	115	68,158	5,864	7,566	8.6	11.1
193	Dancers	20	10,466	2,003	2,003	19.1	19.1
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	84	44,347	7,590	11,236	17.1	25.3
195	Editors and reporters	422	242,405	22,755	29,039	9.4	12.0
197	Public relations specialists	241	140,223	6,572	9,623	4.7	6.9
198	Announcers	90	44,483	3,124	3,314	7.0	7.4
199	Athletes	117	68,462	8,474	9,718	12.4	14.2
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,291	698,322	128,913	176,113	18.5	25.2
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	12	5,975	1,562	1,849	26.1	30.9
114	Biological science teachers	39	16,428	2,775	4,159	16.9	25.3
115	Chemistry teachers	25	11,897	2,874	2,874	24.2	24.2
116	Physics teachers	14	8,978	534	2,488	5.9	27.7
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	5	1,370	643	643	47.0	47.0
118	Psychology teachers	27	14,919	3,461	5,063	23.2	33.9
119	Economics teachers	30	16,250	2,637	3,958	16.2	24.4
123	History teachers	19	9,847	3,273	4,902	33.2	49.8
124	Political science teachers	15	11,421	2,563	2,686	22.4	23.5
125	Sociology teachers	10	6,224	2,387	2,387	38.3	38.3
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	8	4,294	1,035	1,035	24.1	24.1
127	Engineering teachers	56	27,515	5,768	7,873	21.0	28.6
128	Mathematical science teachers	99	56,481	10,245	16,463	18.1	29.1
129	Computer science teachers	36	22,958	2,094	2,094	9.1	9.1
133	Medical science teachers	21	12,196	2,255	2,608	18.5	21.4
134	Health specialties teachers	58	30,156	4,968	7,528	16.5	25.0
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	52	28,683	4,768	7,521	16.6	26.2
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	10	5,261	0	0	0.0	0.0
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	73	40,540	5,732	8,002	14.1	19.7
138	Physical education teachers	26	11,608	1,860	3,521	16.0	30.3
139	Education teachers	31	13,540	4,552	5,364	33.6	39.6
143	English teachers	99	54,799	10,561	14,628	19.3	26.7
144	Foreign language teachers	37	22,475	5,077	6,604	22.6	29.4
145	Law teachers	13	8,047	1,793	1,793	22.3	22.3
146	Social work teachers	1	89	0	0	0.0	0.0
147	Theology teachers	24	13,060	566	2,094	4.3	16.0
148	Trade and industrial teachers	6	3,262	1,846	1,846	56.6	56.6
149	Home economics teachers	4	1,903	57	435	3.0	22.8
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	16	7,798	696	696	8.9	8.9
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	425	230,346	42,332	54,998	18.4	23.9
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,801	3,802,657	1,850,916	2,172,481	48.7	57.1
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	711	423,492	100,104	123,905	23.6	29.3
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,684	1,500,514	831,891	987,633	55.4	65.8
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,219	1,228,170	721,588	826,373	58.8	67.3
158	Teachers, special education	504	270,396	156,541	180,622	57.9	66.8
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	683	380,084	40,792	53,947	10.7	14.2
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	6,036	3,511,199	422,713	502,481	12.0	14.3
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	513	301,151	34,630	37,530	11.5	12.5
204	Dental hygienists	149	81,265	1,722	2,030	2.1	2.5
205	Health record technologists and technicians	119	71,755	7,610	8,981	10.6	12.5
206	Radiologic technicians	209	124,347	7,369	7,722	5.9	6.2
207	Licensed practical nurses	720	402,813	67,881	76,849	16.9	19.1
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	453	278,728	29,103	34,746	10.4	12.5
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	500	300,428	49,762	59,252	16.6	19.7
214	Industrial engineering technicians	8	4,166	354	698	8.5	16.8
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	16	11,690	1,493	4,486	12.8	38.4
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	400	224,067	33,586	39,692	15.0	17.7
217	Drafting occupations	473	287,017	24,352	29,039	8.5	10.1
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	116	64,541	5,162	9,539	8.0	14.8
223	Biological technicians	98	51,816	4,801	4,801	9.3	9.3
224	Chemical technicians	149	72,443	10,888	11,964	15.0	16.5
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	162	83,044	8,720	15,226	10.5	18.3
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	156	98,348	47,015	47,015	47.8	47.8
227	Air traffic controllers	60	33,169	9,915	12,188	29.9	36.7
228	Broadcast equipment operators	43	25,765	7,270	8,532	28.2	33.1
229	Computer programmers	916	546,923	29,538	42,789	5.4	7.8
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	6	4,334	0	0	0.0	0.0
234	Legal assistants	328	191,342	7,761	10,412	4.1	5.4
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	442	252,047	33,780	38,990	13.4	15.5
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	19,336	11,353,903	574,234	670,032	5.1	5.9
243	Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations	4,186	2,461,626	119,246	142,457	4.8	5.8
253	Insurance sales occupations	620	363,855	14,491	17,106	4.0	4.7
254	Real estate sales occupations	739	435,250	14,944	24,352	3.4	5.6
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	405	248,197	3,764	7,545	1.5	3.0
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	250	136,047	6,929	8,195	5.1	6.0
257	Sales occupations, other business services	883	552,186	21,831	29,495	4.0	5.3
258	Sales engineers	50	26,767	270	270	1.0	1.0
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	2,247	1,362,134	21,216	31,042	1.6	2.3
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	453	266,147	5,076	7,314	1.9	2.7
264	Sales workers, apparel	753	431,160	8,046	9,753	1.9	2.3
265	Sales workers, shoes	173	106,393	3,188	3,188	3.0	3.0
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	228	129,136	837	1,071	0.6	0.8
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	310	198,125	641	1,552	0.3	0.8
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	333	194,659	4,113	4,727	2.1	2.4
269	Sales workers, parts	267	151,823	6,143	6,640	4.0	4.4
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,426	1,397,678	37,065	44,556	2.7	3.2
275	Sales counter clerks	286	174,056	1,883	1,883	1.1	1.1
276	Cashiers	4,249	2,435,553	298,317	320,952	12.2	13.2
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	288	166,845	1,887	2,585	1.1	1.5
278	News vendors	115	66,917	1,598	2,598	2.4	3.9
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	56	37,187	2,751	2,751	7.4	7.4
284	Auctioneers	2	1,527	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	17	10,635	0	0	0.0	0.0
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INC. CLERICAL	30,361	17,767,749	2,302,079	2,759,932	13.0	15.5
303	Supervisors, general office	760	454,871	49,644	73,554	10.9	16.2
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	56	37,540	3,031	3,299	8.1	8.8
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	149	87,075	1,954	2,064	2.2	2.4
306	Chief communications operators	2	1,329	0	0	0.0	0.0
307	Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	288	169,809	31,755	35,480	18.7	20.9
308	Computer operators	1,445	878,086	70,037	97,967	8.0	11.2
309	Peripheral equipment operators	9	6,714	263	263	3.9	3.9
313	Secretaries	6,729	3,823,366	272,096	343,831	7.1	9.0
314	Stenographers	50	28,155	12,039	12,885	42.8	45.8
315	Typists	1,166	684,172	68,182	95,684	10.0	14.0
316	Interviewers	321	193,977	15,743	18,315	8.1	9.4
317	Hotel clerks	167	87,925	4,081	4,081	4.6	4.6
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	190	116,681	28,346	31,171	24.3	26.7
319	Receptionists	1,336	778,032	36,144	45,642	4.6	5.9
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	378	228,707	16,573	21,489	7.2	9.4
325	Classified-ad clerks	9	4,441	0	0	0.0	0.0
326	Correspondence clerks	34	23,514	0	0	0.0	0.0
327	Order clerks	342	196,913	53,025	58,774	26.9	29.8
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	141	82,005	6,826	10,151	8.3	12.4
329	Library clerks	246	145,528	19,648	24,577	13.5	16.9
335	File clerks	442	276,336	23,591	30,725	8.5	11.1
336	Records clerks	180	105,583	16,986	20,175	16.1	19.1
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,925	1,637,667	64,852	88,717	4.0	5.4
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	298	174,890	23,016	25,367	13.2	14.5
339	Billing clerks	271	156,989	13,624	16,337	8.7	10.4
343	Cost and rate clerks	136	83,614	8,007	9,227	9.6	11.0
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	79	44,750	1,726	2,168	3.9	4.8
345	Duplicating machine operators	41	24,735	612	1,774	2.5	7.2
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	22	13,479	1,862	1,862	13.8	13.8
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	46	24,055	570	796	2.4	3.3
348	Telephone operators	381	209,182	65,799	70,847	31.5	33.9
349	Telegraphers	9	5,092	909	1,794	17.8	35.2
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	5	3,518	0	0	0.0	0.0
354	Postal clerks, exc. mail carriers	527	319,406	241,887	265,088	75.7	83.0
355	Mail carriers, postal service	545	327,495	268,824	281,725	82.1	86.0
356	Mail clerks, exc. postal service	287	165,795	26,414	32,510	15.9	19.6
357	Messengers	204	122,620	7,777	10,151	6.3	8.3
359	Dispatchers	320	188,511	42,373	47,893	22.5	25.4
363	Production coordinators	334	207,239	39,030	47,500	18.8	22.9
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	860	522,376	92,919	102,306	17.8	19.6
365	Stock and inventory clerks	899	540,781	86,120	104,904	15.9	19.4
366	Meter readers	88	49,133	20,566	23,591	41.9	48.0
368	Weighers, measurers, and checkers	120	71,256	17,635	18,640	24.7	26.2
369	Samplers	3	1,304	605	605	46.4	46.4
373	Expediters	158	92,607	11,520	12,792	12.4	13.8
374	Material recording, scheduling, & distributing clerks, n.e.c.	43	26,636	6,422	6,842	24.1	25.7
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	526	321,761	13,667	16,053	4.2	5.0
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	904	549,750	39,213	51,579	7.1	9.4
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	115	67,255	14,173	17,241	21.1	25.6
378	Bill and account collectors	225	137,085	10,555	14,192	7.7	10.4
379	General office clerks	1,299	767,844	110,413	130,658	14.4	17.0
383	Bank tellers	902	510,380	9,587	14,369	1.9	2.8
384	Proofreaders	48	35,104	714	1,428	2.0	4.1
385	Data-entry keyers	717	435,294	43,474	53,050	10.0	12.2
386	Statistical clerks	143	84,213	16,267	17,567	19.3	20.9
387	Teachers aides	763	445,528	125,500	161,479	28.2	36.2
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,678	989,641	145,475	178,751	14.7	18.1
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD	1,428	854,804	340	983	0.0	0.1
403	Launderers and ironers	3	1,356	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	26	14,241	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	48	27,947	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	635	353,840	340	983	0.1	0.3
407	Private household cleaners and servants	716	457,420	0	0	0.0	0.0
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PROTECTIVE SERVICE	3,188	1,955,080	749,691	816,393	38.3	41.8
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	58	39,681	28,938	29,388	72.9	74.1
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	152	92,365	51,294	55,070	55.5	59.6
415	Supervisors, guards	74	49,129	2,812	4,851	5.7	9.9
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	34	18,312	6,895	7,846	37.7	42.8
417	Firefighting occupations	314	189,164	140,352	149,920	74.2	79.3
418	Police and detectives, public service	745	455,272	268,137	292,423	58.9	64.2
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	182	108,191	38,136	43,640	35.2	40.3
424	Correctional institution officers	364	228,418	119,267	129,633	52.2	56.8
425	Crossing guards	64	39,466	9,221	10,971	23.4	27.8
426	Guards and police, exc. public service	1,040	647,061	79,412	86,538	12.3	13.4
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	161