Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1990 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, & MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	21,086	11,804,516	709,141	962,867	6.0	8.2
3	Legislators	17	7,949	0	0	0.0	0.0
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public admin.	32	16,570	2,981	2,981	18.0	18.0
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	966	501,884	72,083	108,432	14.4	21.6
6	Administrators, protective services	100	56,462	7,469	12,714	13.2	22.5
7	Financial managers	818	465,558	4,614	7,983	1.0	1.7
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	210	118,352	4,635	6,505	3.9	5.5
9	Purchasing managers	199	111,126	4,174	6,637	3.8	6.0
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	827	475,641	4,381	8,681	0.9	1.8
14	Administrators, education and related fields	975	517,910	106,560	130,291	20.6	25.2
15	Managers, medicine and health	318	171,344	9,559	13,647	5.6	8.0
16	Managers, properties and real estate	486	290,961	9,570	10,435	3.3	3.6
17	Postmasters and mail superintendents	71	30,391	18,750	20,372	61.7	67.0
18	Funeral directors	39	23,845	1,000	1,000	4.2	4.2
19	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	9,906	5,536,898	207,035	281,323	3.7	5.1
23	Accountants and auditors	2,172	1,263,014	75,189	106,263	6.0	8.4
24	Underwriters	160	94,981	1,753	2,537	1.8	2.7
25	Other financial officers	1,160	657,633	25,952	36,964	3.9	5.6
26	Management analysts	178	104,679	3,478	8,517	3.3	8.1
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	687	381,753	34,370	47,713	9.0	12.5
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	13	5,335	809	809	15.2	15.2
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	316	180,390	4,644	5,362	2.6	3.0
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	443	253,906	13,642	23,015	5.4	9.1
34	Business and promotion agents	34	15,841	708	708	4.5	4.5
35	Construction inspectors	121	71,519	19,178	24,152	26.8	33.8
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, exc. construction	363	191,272	60,656	76,132	31.7	39.8
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	475	259,302	15,951	19,693	6.2	7.6
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS	16,640	9,226,361	1,013,274	1,285,271	11.0	13.9
43	Architects	136	79,607	3,111	5,923	3.9	7.4
44	Aerospace engineers	148	104,490	6,762	11,897	6.5	11.4
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	44	24,949	1,201	1,818	4.8	7.3
46	Mining engineers	14	6,035	869	869	14.4	14.4
47	Petroleum engineers	32	14,974	826	826	5.5	5.5
48	Chemical engineers	120	66,501	1,443	2,489	2.2	3.7
49	Nuclear engineers	19	11,136	0	0	0.0	0.0
53	Civil engineers	402	216,215	26,154	34,933	12.1	16.2
54	Agricultural engineers	5	3,461	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	966	575,427	34,294	47,734	6.0	8.3
56	Industrial engineers	353	203,195	17,731	21,958	8.7	10.8
57	Mechanical engineers	485	298,763	14,476	19,944	4.8	6.7
58	Marine and naval architects engineers	15	7,364	1,828	1,828	24.8	24.8
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	455	258,670	10,583	18,288	4.1	7.1
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	40	21,738	272	272	1.3	1.3
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	950	556,666	20,457	30,275	3.7	5.4
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	385	225,087	11,846	25,954	5.3	11.5
66	Actuaries	32	21,340	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	40	24,663	3,234	3,813	13.1	15.5
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	10	6,287	254	1,187	4.0	18.9
69	Physicists and astronomers	45	21,701	0	1,473	0.0	6.8
73	Chemists, except biochemists	218	122,228	5,496	7,502	4.5	6.1
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	12	6,998	498	639	7.1	9.1
75	Geologists and geodesists	93	45,836	2,012	2,198	4.4	4.8
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	36	19,866	1,933	1,933	9.7	9.7
77	Agricultural and food scientists	39	16,120	679	1,171	4.2	7.3
78	Biological and life scientists	150	80,911	5,075	6,703	6.3	8.3
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	63	22,323	2,087	3,243	9.3	14.5
83	Medical scientists	69	38,091	1,146	2,191	3.0	5.8
84	Physicians	498	281,351	23,083	33,611	8.2	11.9
85	Dentists	31	17,364	789	1,307	4.5	7.5
86	Veterinarians	47	30,827	1,172	1,172	3.8	3.8
87	Optometrists	11	4,342	504	504	11.6	11.6
88	Podiatrists	7	3,106	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	7	3,684	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	3,093	1,656,605	274,228	344,974	16.6	20.8
96	Pharmacists	251	138,793	12,695	17,121	9.1	12.3
97	Dietitians	154	86,389	10,347	13,208	12.0	15.3
98	Inhalation therapists	105	61,674	6,071	7,168	9.8	11.6
99	Occupational therapists	66	35,660	8,088	10,475	22.7	29.4
103	Physical therapists	131	74,064	3,002	7,205	4.1	9.7
104	Speech therapists	100	52,176	21,209	25,725	40.6	49.3
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	111	66,097	7,548	9,168	11.4	13.9
106	Physicians' assistants	114	64,877	14,438	17,324	22.3	26.7
163	Counselors, educational and vocational	398	216,217	79,974	93,504	37.0	43.2
164	Librarians	389	189,403	48,824	58,176	25.8	30.7
165	Archivists and curators	40	18,638	1,390	1,679	7.5	9.0
166	Economists	178	97,668	3,154	4,193	3.2	4.3
167	Psychologists	267	147,070	29,334	34,080	19.9	23.2
168	Sociologists	4	2,460	0	0	0.0	0.0
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	36	16,510	380	777	2.3	4.7
173	Urban planners	28	15,943	1,076	1,076	6.8	6.8
174	Social workers	1,035	558,602	149,482	165,006	26.8	29.5
175	Recreation workers	182	103,928	4,003	7,379	3.9	7.1
176	Clergy	535	292,780	1,833	4,502	0.6	1.5
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	170	92,731	311	311	0.3	0.3
178	Lawyers	772	414,119	16,016	22,194	3.9	5.4
179	Judges	60	29,301	3,709	5,379	12.7	18.4
183	Authors	27	15,108	2,296	2,924	15.2	19.4
184	Technical writers	109	61,859	2,973	4,897	4.8	7.9
185	Designers	698	393,464	18,215	21,821	4.6	5.5
186	Musicians and composers	142	83,562	12,884	13,421	15.4	16.1
187	Actors and directors	116	66,645	14,120	14,718	21.2	22.1
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist print-makers	150	84,527	4,450	7,966	5.3	9.4
189	Photographers	115	64,067	6,058	6,058	9.5	9.5
193	Dancers	21	11,955	3,750	3,750	31.4	31.4
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	101	53,287	9,079	13,040	17.0	24.5
195	Editors and reporters	462	253,143	27,802	30,036	11.0	11.9
197	Public relations specialists	298	146,798	8,492	11,981	5.8	8.2
198	Announcers	95	50,713	2,172	3,843	4.3	7.6
199	Athletes	110	68,213	4,058	6,539	5.9	9.6
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,470	789,664	132,650	178,293	16.8	22.6
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	10	4,319	0	0	0.0	0.0
114	Biological science teachers	46	21,750	2,338	6,186	10.7	28.4
115	Chemistry teachers	23	10,514	1,848	1,848	17.6	17.6
116	Physics teachers	30	16,211	2,700	5,143	16.7	31.7
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	4	1,456	0	0	0.0	0.0
118	Psychology teachers	32	14,728	4,443	5,397	30.2	36.6
119	Economics teachers	30	16,771	1,453	3,364	8.7	20.1
123	History teachers	31	16,783	4,308	4,930	25.7	29.4
124	Political science teachers	18	12,403	3,527	3,957	28.4	31.9
125	Sociology teachers	19	8,657	2,049	3,142	23.7	36.3
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	11	5,612	0	577	0.0	10.3
127	Engineering teachers	55	27,406	4,594	6,891	16.8	25.1
128	Mathematical science teachers	89	48,758	11,207	12,642	23.0	25.9
129	Computer science teachers	42	19,298	1,675	2,268	8.7	11.8
133	Medical science teachers	24	14,014	1,870	2,480	13.3	17.7
134	Health specialties teachers	64	33,057	8,517	9,917	25.8	30.0
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	75	41,924	7,041	11,369	16.8	27.1
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	10	4,310	878	1,176	20.4	27.3
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	82	49,340	10,659	13,505	21.6	27.4
138	Physical education teachers	19	10,257	2,387	2,814	23.3	27.4
139	Education teachers	24	14,451	4,093	4,093	28.3	28.3
143	English teachers	119	67,642	7,542	10,203	11.2	15.1
144	Foreign language teachers	49	22,442	4,472	4,985	19.9	22.2
145	Law teachers	10	6,253	1,509	1,509	24.1	24.1
146	Social work teachers	5	4,390	0	609	0.0	13.9
147	Theology teachers	30	12,900	2,305	2,922	17.9	22.7
148	Trade and industrial teachers	8	3,696	506	1,089	13.7	29.5
149	Home economics teachers	3	932	0	148	0.0	15.9
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	7	4,006	660	660	16.5	16.5
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	501	275,386	40,070	54,468	14.6	19.8
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	7,142	3,850,448	1,819,233	2,145,540	47.2	55.7
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	788	443,660	93,361	110,881	21.0	25.0
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,821	1,502,217	840,634	985,588	56.0	65.6
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,262	1,204,463	669,307	802,359	55.6	66.6
158	Teachers, special education	502	268,299	171,341	189,437	63.9	70.6
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	769	431,809	44,590	57,276	10.3	13.3
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	6,663	3,744,301	430,538	534,572	11.5	14.3
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	572	301,221	28,810	38,653	9.6	12.8
204	Dental hygienists	144	83,588	2,742	3,282	3.3	3.9
205	Health record technologists and technicians	132	77,991	7,648	10,389	9.8	13.3
206	Radiologic technicians	223	119,947	14,015	16,412	11.7	13.7
207	Licensed practical nurses	786	436,739	52,257	59,758	12.0	13.7
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	488	268,744	30,451	33,218	11.3	12.4
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	608	347,731	60,771	83,092	17.5	23.9
214	Industrial engineering technicians	8	4,655	439	439	9.4	9.4
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	37	22,369	2,629	3,865	11.8	17.3
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	409	235,660	23,211	30,107	9.8	12.8
217	Drafting occupations	446	262,776	18,450	26,597	7.0	10.1
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	130	71,114	5,160	6,824	7.3	9.6
223	Biological technicians	111	59,482	5,209	5,209	8.8	8.8
224	Chemical technicians	174	86,826	14,847	17,131	17.1	19.7
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	147	81,892	12,692	13,178	15.5	16.1
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	182	108,327	54,072	57,650	49.9	53.2
227	Air traffic controllers	65	37,513	19,204	22,662	51.2	60.4
228	Broadcast equipment operators	45	28,380	8,560	9,189	30.2	32.4
229	Computer programmers	1,003	582,863	28,376	44,890	4.9	7.7
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	8	4,639	612	612	13.2	13.2
234	Legal assistants	391	216,537	7,192	9,010	3.3	4.2
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	554	305,303	33,192	42,405	10.9	13.9
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	20,390	11,521,782	579,949	678,115	5.0	5.9
243	Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations	4,449	2,534,949	113,919	136,967	4.5	5.4
253	Insurance sales occupations	717	419,322	19,994	23,631	4.8	5.6
254	Real estate sales occupations	729	414,179	12,689	16,383	3.1	4.0
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	397	234,388	2,531	4,097	1.1	1.7
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	254	145,079	7,092	8,595	4.9	5.9
257	Sales occupations, other business services	979	585,939	22,030	26,677	3.8	4.6
258	Sales engineers	53	29,216	0	0	0.0	0.0
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	2,394	1,379,129	28,419	38,178	2.1	2.8
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	450	259,211	2,104	3,018	0.8	1.2
264	Sales workers, apparel	817	441,372	5,926	7,566	1.3	1.7
265	Sales workers, shoes	183	100,327	1,019	1,944	1.0	1.9
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	227	132,963	1,918	1,918	1.4	1.4
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	305	172,197	129	776	0.1	0.5
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	360	192,776	1,859	3,335	1.0	1.7
269	Sales workers, parts	275	145,451	4,928	7,037	3.4	4.8
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,445	1,351,346	38,724	45,570	2.9	3.4
275	Sales counter clerks	333	180,268	7,247	7,464	4.0	4.1
276	Cashiers	4,437	2,458,220	301,894	334,202	12.3	13.6
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	345	201,595	4,097	4,457	2.0	2.2
278	News vendors	147	86,761	1,691	4,561	1.9	5.3
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	59	34,665	1,741	1,741	5.0	5.0
284	Auctioneers	5	4,305	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	30	18,124	0	0	0.0	0.0
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INC. CLERICAL	32,232	18,026,131	2,451,214	2,909,088	13.6	16.1
303	Supervisors, general office	838	470,124	39,261	53,797	8.4	11.4
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	83	47,118	2,044	5,405	4.3	11.5
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	159	90,067	4,206	5,658	4.7	6.3
306	Chief communications operators	4	1,957	0	0	0.0	0.0
307	Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	292	163,531	38,683	42,465	23.7	26.0
308	Computer operators	1,405	793,374	76,246	96,113	9.6	12.1
309	Peripheral equipment operators	15	8,392	880	880	10.5	10.5
313	Secretaries	7,065	3,849,528	281,714	367,975	7.3	9.6
314	Stenographers	71	41,629	8,918	10,482	21.4	25.2
315	Typists	1,120	611,031	91,177	109,314	14.9	17.9
316	Interviewers	366	204,625	10,427	15,631	5.1	7.6
317	Hotel clerks	165	87,177	4,583	5,488	5.3	6.3
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	221	118,604	27,665	32,259	23.3	27.2
319	Receptionists	1,432	804,256	29,053	37,845	3.6	4.7
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	413	240,485	14,972	21,827	6.2	9.1
325	Classified-ad clerks	20	11,275	1,180	1,180	10.5	10.5
326	Correspondence clerks	27	17,847	492	1,435	2.8	8.0
327	Order clerks	349	195,428	67,416	70,855	34.5	36.3
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	128	70,896	3,021	4,305	4.3	6.1
329	Library clerks	300	167,913	19,150	23,414	11.4	13.9
335	File clerks	545	303,995	23,583	26,376	7.8	8.7
336	Records clerks	250	145,164	17,044	22,079	11.7	15.2
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,999	1,636,995	83,617	98,066	5.1	6.0
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	334	196,045	25,446	31,288	13.0	16.0
339	Billing clerks	326	181,575	18,084	21,325	10.0	11.7
343	Cost and rate clerks	120	69,525	4,990	6,509	7.2	9.4
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	83	46,803	5,128	5,926	11.0	12.7
345	Duplicating machine operators	48	32,848	2,775	3,808	8.4	11.6
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	17	8,365	1,114	1,172	13.3	14.0
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	56	29,435	2,573	3,080	8.7	10.5
348	Telephone operators	381	207,862	71,864	80,703	34.6	38.8
349	Telegraphers	13	7,660	1,978	1,978	25.8	25.8
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	9	5,185	0	0	0.0	0.0
354	Postal clerks, exc. mail carriers	530	296,780	230,127	250,800	77.5	84.5
355	Mail carriers, postal service	580	332,849	275,389	292,262	82.7	87.8
356	Mail clerks, exc. postal service	323	183,861	30,131	36,120	16.4	19.6
357	Messengers	247	137,666	5,292	5,292	3.8	3.8
359	Dispatchers	385	219,508	48,822	54,034	22.2	24.6
363	Production coordinators	345	198,306	26,151	32,345	13.2	16.3
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	882	529,668	106,255	114,904	20.1	21.7
365	Stock and inventory clerks	1,011	588,459	111,679	133,029	19.0	22.6
366	Meter readers	81	40,613	16,321	18,135	40.2	44.7
368	Weighers, measurers, and checkers	137	82,097	15,099	17,223	18.4	21.0
369	Samplers	1	543	0	0	0.0	0.0
373	Expediters	227	124,255	23,664	24,937	19.0	20.1
374	Material recording, scheduling, & distributing clerks, n.e.c.	57	28,334	6,268	9,095	22.1	32.1
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	584	336,490	12,761	17,819	3.8	5.3
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	904	522,133	32,503	41,978	6.2	8.0
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	156	91,552	17,496	20,851	19.1	22.8
378	Bill and account collectors	238	137,055	8,847	11,729	6.5	8.6
379	General office clerks	1,378	761,238	105,840	133,744	13.9	17.6
383	Bank tellers	842	457,025	8,460	15,559	1.9	3.4
384	Proofreaders	54	30,402	2,048	2,048	6.7	6.7
385	Data-entry keyers	842	496,696	66,398	75,317	13.4	15.2
386	Statistical clerks	154	89,404	21,373	26,310	23.9	29.4
387	Teachers aides	891	498,973	146,684	187,466	29.4	37.6
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,729	975,507	154,323	179,453	15.8	18.4
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD	1,351	763,943	0	412	0.0	0.1
403	Launderers and ironers	2	572	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	23	12,623	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	63	40,100	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	572	303,994	0	412	0.0	0.1
407	Private household cleaners and servants	691	406,654	0	0	0.0	0.0
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PROTECTIVE SERVICE	3,391	1,939,836	754,549	840,360	38.9	43.3
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	77	41,196	27,006	28,484	65.6	69.1
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	154	86,559	42,337	46,015	48.9	53.2
415	Supervisors, guards	83	45,197	3,295	5,600	7.3	12.4
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	33	14,439	5,746	6,232	39.8	43.2
417	Firefighting occupations	345	200,059	140,504	150,691	70.2	75.3
418	Police and detectives, public service	803	471,351	273,153	299,585	58.0	63.6
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	185	106,130	31,211	33,116	29.4	31.2
424	Correctional institution officers	408	243,694	123,271	140,535	50.6	57.7
425	Crossing guards	58	30,403	9,520	10,839	31.3	35.7
426	Guards and police, exc. public service	1,124	642,135	95,845	115,603	14.9	18.0
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	121