Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1993 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	20,568	12,441,521	774,615	1,020,538	6.2	8.2
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public administration	19	11,662	579	2,507	5.0	21.5
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	953	567,241	84,837	121,084	15.0	21.3
6	Administrators, protective services	95	55,332	15,520	17,854	28.0	32.3
7	Financial managers	868	522,505	6,807	12,577	1.3	2.4
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	162	94,559	3,100	4,077	3.3	4.3
9	Purchasing managers	192	124,494	6,643	9,044	5.3	7.3
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	737	451,477	1,862	4,612	0.4	1.0
14	Administrators, education and related fields	1,049	610,355	111,634	152,689	18.3	25.0
15	Managers, medicine and health	729	420,533	20,634	26,359	4.9	6.3
17	Managers, food serving and lodging establishments	1,362	840,649	20,560	25,965	2.4	3.1
18	Managers, properties and real estate	541	341,993	13,970	16,837	4.1	4.9
19	Funeral directors	51	37,837	1,543	2,761	4.1	7.3
21	Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.	839	475,366	43,825	52,369	9.2	11.0
22	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	6,759	4,160,723	152,878	201,097	3.7	4.8
23	Accountants and auditors	2,009	1,211,207	73,339	105,180	6.1	8.7
24	Underwriters	173	111,574	0	0	0.0	0.0
25	Other financial officers	1,046	626,727	17,614	26,771	2.8	4.3
26	Management analysts	168	101,074	1,397	2,968	1.4	2.9
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	639	392,122	44,141	47,723	11.3	12.2
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	15	4,873	0	133	0.0	2.7
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	319	193,865	3,335	6,305	1.7	3.3
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	423	255,904	18,940	26,011	7.4	10.2
34	Business and promotion agents	26	13,282	276	276	2.1	2.1
35	Construction inspectors	104	61,336	15,476	17,070	25.2	27.8
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction	366	214,702	70,809	82,594	33.0	38.5
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	822	493,664	26,267	31,391	5.3	6.4
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS, EXC. TEACHERS	16,267	9,677,565	1,091,796	1,361,819	11.3	14.1
43	Architects	123	74,975	3,700	3,795	4.9	5.1
44	Aerospace engineers	103	74,658	4,567	8,653	6.1	11.6
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	37	24,720	1,861	2,905	7.5	11.8
46	Mining engineers	11	5,637	0	0	0.0	0.0
47	Petroleum engineers	28	14,764	0	0	0.0	0.0
48	Chemical engineers	92	56,960	2,550	2,550	4.5	4.5
49	Nuclear engineers	15	6,423	940	940	14.6	14.6
53	Civil engineers	345	194,428	30,978	35,423	15.9	18.2
54	Agricultural engineers	5	3,174	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	783	509,315	47,342	58,001	9.3	11.4
56	Industrial engineers	318	195,662	13,851	15,706	7.1	8.0
57	Mechanical engineers	458	274,161	14,754	17,609	5.4	6.4
58	Marine and naval architects	17	10,784	5,592	5,592	51.9	51.9
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	367	223,120	14,005	19,951	6.3	8.9
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	28	13,490	3,084	3,084	22.9	22.9
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	1,086	693,972	32,464	50,897	4.7	7.3
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	367	233,372	27,929	35,555	12.0	15.2
66	Actuaries	22	13,212	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	35	24,600	1,891	3,486	7.7	14.2
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	5	4,687	496	496	10.6	10.6
69	Physicists and astronomers	50	28,460	1,496	3,170	5.3	11.1
73	Chemists, except biochemists	226	129,127	7,174	9,086	5.6	7.0
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	26	11,414	814	1,561	7.1	13.7
75	Geologists and geodesists	82	49,080	1,757	2,406	3.6	4.9
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	75	40,995	6,136	6,565	15.0	16.0
77	Agricultural and food scientists	58	29,143	843	1,982	2.9	6.8
78	Biological and life scientists	186	102,486	6,926	10,654	6.8	10.4
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	69	29,277	2,130	3,164	7.3	10.8
83	Medical scientists	116	68,684	4,639	5,483	6.8	8.0
84	Physicians	520	316,741	19,262	32,250	6.1	10.2
85	Dentists	27	15,515	0	185	0.0	1.2
86	Veterinarians	50	29,718	867	1,510	2.9	5.1
87	Optometrists	14	6,413	0	0	0.0	0.0
88	Podiatrists	1	932	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	12	7,647	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	3,190	1,839,560	295,650	350,381	16.1	19.0
96	Pharmacists	290	172,927	15,912	19,898	9.2	11.5
97	Dietitians	145	89,243	13,452	17,588	15.1	19.7
98	Respiratory therapists	153	97,366	9,974	14,336	10.2	14.7
99	Occupational therapists	73	43,097	5,190	6,770	12.0	15.7
103	Physical therapists	165	96,863	4,852	9,359	5.0	9.7
104	Speech therapists	127	70,652	27,403	32,808	38.8	46.4
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	128	77,957	10,675	11,714	13.7	15.0
106	Physicians' assistants	70	42,751	2,909	3,461	6.8	8.1
163	Counselors, Educational and Vocational	348	206,173	72,172	88,849	35.0	43.1
164	Librarians	354	191,498	49,794	61,663	26.0	32.2
165	Archivists and curators	46	28,117	5,750	6,845	20.4	24.3
166	Economists	167	101,015	5,126	7,567	5.1	7.5
167	Psychologists	285	152,835	26,414	29,769	17.3	19.5
168	Sociologists	6	4,454	1,055	1,055	23.7	23.7
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	38	19,678	1,958	3,997	10.0	20.3
173	Urban planners	19	12,248	1,411	1,411	11.5	11.5
174	Social workers	990	580,833	137,879	161,919	23.7	27.9
175	Recreation workers	151	89,596	3,594	6,202	4.0	6.9
176	Clergy	591	339,768	7,526	11,509	2.2	3.4
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	101	60,826	678	762	1.1	1.3
178	Lawyers and Judges	724	421,710	18,879	23,287	4.5	5.5
183	Authors	80	47,846	3,303	4,005	6.9	8.4
184	Technical writers	93	59,443	790	790	1.3	1.3
185	Designers	629	393,617	22,836	31,161	5.8	7.9
186	Musicians and composers	134	89,220	19,074	20,163	21.4	22.6
187	Actors and directors	110	66,510	6,964	7,315	10.5	11.0
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers	146	89,009	5,464	7,637	6.1	8.6
189	Photographers	117	75,457	7,100	8,029	9.4	10.6
193	Dancers	21	13,185	760	1,347	5.8	10.2
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	77	45,194	5,292	7,143	11.7	15.8
195	Editors and reporters	435	248,996	25,988	35,442	10.4	14.2
197	Public relations specialists	260	147,310	11,387	14,073	7.7	9.6
198	Announcers	70	42,508	1,650	2,299	3.9	5.4
199	Athletes	116	66,933	3,659	6,945	5.5	10.4
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,445	791,348	147,904	184,791	18.7	23.4
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	14	5,378	1,620	1,868	30.1	34.7
114	Biological science teachers	53	34,181	9,801	9,801	28.7	28.7
115	Chemistry teachers	39	23,505	4,716	7,102	20.1	30.2
116	Physics teachers	21	11,129	811	811	7.3	7.3
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	2	778	0	0	0.0	0.0
118	Psychology teachers	32	16,876	3,097	3,610	18.4	21.4
119	Economics teachers	41	21,134	3,505	3,505	16.6	16.6
123	History teachers	28	13,630	3,436	3,436	25.2	25.2
124	Political science teachers	24	10,613	2,278	3,599	21.5	33.9
125	Sociology teachers	21	10,611	2,784	3,505	26.2	33.0
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	10	5,558	1,186	1,186	21.3	21.3
127	Engineering teachers	58	28,748	3,090	4,378	10.7	15.2
128	Mathematical science teachers	87	47,450	10,655	15,326	22.5	32.3
129	Computer science teachers	39	18,130	3,064	5,390	16.9	29.7
133	Medical science teachers	22	15,504	1,201	2,131	7.7	13.7
134	Health specialties teachers	68	36,516	6,217	8,202	17.0	22.5
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	49	23,770	5,668	7,697	23.8	32.4
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	7	3,002	0	118	0.0	3.9
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	63	34,345	6,007	8,169	17.5	23.8
138	Physical education teachers	15	7,916	606	2,230	7.7	28.2
139	Education teachers	20	12,837	6,608	7,139	51.5	55.6
143	English teachers	110	58,419	14,399	15,704	24.6	26.9
144	Foreign language teachers	40	25,447	3,842	4,132	15.1	16.2
145	Law teachers	15	8,411	1,019	1,019	12.1	12.1
146	Social work teachers	6	2,533	1,707	1,707	67.4	67.4
147	Theology teachers	19	9,961	2,245	2,245	22.5	22.5
148	Trade and industrial teachers	4	2,958	0	0	0.0	0.0
149	Home economics teachers	1	408	0	0	0.0	0.0
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	13	5,315	0	0	0.0	0.0
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	524	296,282	48,340	60,781	16.3	20.5
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	7,281	4,245,908	2,036,343	2,330,071	48.0	54.9
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	826	502,838	103,793	127,224	20.6	25.3
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,909	1,691,004	984,387	1,115,883	58.2	66.0
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,182	1,247,064	711,523	822,187	57.1	65.9
158	Teachers, special education	512	284,323	179,641	198,566	63.2	69.8
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	852	520,679	56,999	66,211	10.9	12.7
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	6,549	3,950,813	451,136	525,890	11.4	13.3
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	541	317,912	32,069	38,192	10.1	12.0
204	Dental hygienists	138	78,272	578	578	0.7	0.7
205	Health record technologists and technicians	112	71,211	6,445	6,800	9.1	9.5
206	Radiologic technicians	237	144,379	10,343	15,544	7.2	10.8
207	Licensed practical nurses	727	437,444	66,100	70,720	15.1	16.2
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	819	492,191	49,119	56,606	10.0	11.5
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	484	300,239	48,693	61,867	16.2	20.6
214	Industrial engineering technicians	6	3,546	88	88	2.5	2.5
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	17	9,677	1,616	1,616	16.7	16.7
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	384	229,722	33,437	37,723	14.6	16.4
217	Drafting occupations	385	241,163	18,136	21,773	7.5	9.0
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	116	66,943	8,724	11,909	13.0	17.8
223	Biological technicians	148	83,560	5,569	5,912	6.7	7.1
224	Chemical technicians	133	76,983	7,717	7,717	10.0	10.0
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	175	100,730	12,846	15,332	12.8	15.2
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	156	94,397	48,833	52,776	51.7	55.9
227	Air traffic controllers	38	22,156	9,001	10,563	40.6	47.7
228	Broadcast equipment operators	50	31,633	9,150	9,662	28.9	30.5
229	Computer programmers	884	564,554	23,381	31,240	4.1	5.5
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	2	753	0	0	0.0	0.0
234	Legal assistants	398	231,309	5,099	6,849	2.2	3.0
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	599	352,038	54,193	62,422	15.4	17.7
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	18,901	11,442,488	536,051	621,217	4.7	5.4
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	4,423	2,676,189	126,586	149,266	4.7	5.6
253	Insurance sales occupations	617	390,190	8,999	15,706	2.3	4.0
254	Real estate sales occupations	614	380,360	7,945	9,585	2.1	2.5
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	444	273,972	4,287	6,073	1.6	2.2
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	236	143,119	3,598	5,618	2.5	3.9
257	Sales occupations, other business services	713	456,971	19,243	24,829	4.2	5.4
258	Sales engineers	31	18,758	0	0	0.0	0.0
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	2,074	1,285,304	22,336	35,846	1.7	2.8
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	395	239,004	2,055	3,213	0.9	1.3
264	Sales workers, apparel	717	449,055	4,682	7,049	1.0	1.6
265	Sales workers, shoes	162	102,582	1,955	3,118	1.9	3.0
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	235	138,125	1,802	2,325	1.3	1.7
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	290	187,238	918	918	0.5	0.5
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	389	232,152	4,449	4,720	1.9	2.0
269	Sales workers, parts	256	143,855	2,959	4,111	2.1	2.9
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,226	1,296,120	35,091	39,450	2.7	3.0
275	Sales counter clerks	290	180,433	4,693	5,370	2.6	3.0
276	Cashiers	4,258	2,528,194	283,178	301,385	11.2	11.9
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	286	175,889	0	246	0.0	0.1
278	News vendors	125	74,466	0	104	0.0	0.1
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	86	49,140	759	1,764	1.5	3.6
284	Auctioneers	5	2,747	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	29	18,628	517	517	2.8	2.8
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING CLERICAL	30,084	18,035,532	2,490,628	2,907,105	13.8	16.1
303	Supervisors, general office	764	470,212	62,930	71,144	13.4	15.1
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	37	25,895	858	858	3.3	3.3
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	160	98,810	5,157	6,732	5.2	6.8
306	Chief communications operators	5	2,828	0	0	0.0	0.0
307	Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	266	160,464	24,953	29,876	15.6	18.6
308	Computer operators	933	568,507	72,859	84,574	12.8	14.9
309	Peripheral equipment operators	9	6,016	0	0	0.0	0.0
313	Secretaries	6,009	3,482,713	317,010	399,932	9.1	11.5
314	Stenographers	123	74,537	7,379	9,469	9.9	12.7
315	Typists	800	480,488	76,232	91,010	15.9	18.9
316	Interviewers	250	150,938	3,580	4,291	2.4	2.8
317	Hotel clerks	188	99,604	5,514	6,745	5.5	6.8
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	339	211,073	36,629	39,854	17.4	18.9
319	Receptionists	1,470	896,397	37,474	46,492	4.2	5.2
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	386	243,074	17,531	20,334	7.2	8.4
325	Classified-ad clerks	4	2,130	0	0	0.0	0.0
326	Correspondence clerks	21	11,510	1,133	1,867	9.8	16.2
327	Order clerks	361	226,125	77,282	85,925	34.2	38.0
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	105	59,794	5,298	7,362	8.9	12.3
329	Library clerks	241	136,118	16,946	21,089	12.4	15.5
335	File clerks	464	280,137	24,311	27,639	8.7	9.9
336	Records clerks	283	175,506	28,169	36,591	16.1	20.8
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,620	1,511,633	70,999	89,041	4.7	5.9
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	297	175,245	30,787	34,622	17.6	19.8
339	Billing clerks	264	155,475	14,254	18,155	9.2	11.7
343	Cost and rate clerks	91	56,892	3,030	3,300	5.3	5.8
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	126	70,451	3,427	3,427	4.9	4.9
345	Duplicating machine operators	49	28,539	2,188	2,783	7.7	9.8
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	19	10,438	3,891	4,058	37.3	38.9
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	41	23,546	2,281	2,906	9.7	12.3
348	Telephone operators	337	202,074	66,567	77,701	32.9	38.5
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	22	14,245	4,233	5,843	29.7	41.0
354	Postal clerks, except mail carriers	517	299,553	212,726	239,435	71.0	79.9
355	Mail carriers, postal service	545	336,182	265,290	279,903	78.9	83.3
356	Mail clerks, except postal service	275	155,037	24,084	26,520	15.5	17.1
357	Messengers	252	162,101	12,676	14,088	7.8	8.7
359	Dispatchers	371	228,298	47,530	61,070	20.8	26.8
363	Production coordinators	296	198,871	24,853	28,231	12.5	14.2
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	919	582,301	101,778	109,627	17.5	18.8
365	Stock and inventory clerks	842	516,833	95,754	103,978	18.5	20.1
366	Meter readers	105	61,336	26,215	26,836	42.7	43.8
368	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers	110	71,467	17,278	18,755	24.2	26.2
373	Expediters	363	231,759	23,996	27,510	10.4	11.9
374	Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.	44	22,255	3,019	3,019	13.6	13.6
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	580	370,962	13,503	17,481	3.6	4.7
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	1,247	768,766	40,038	47,203	5.2	6.1
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	149	91,342	29,349	34,785	32.1	38.1
378	Bill and account collectors	283	174,243	12,794	15,454	7.3	8.9
379	General office clerks	1,119	672,387	85,054	94,758	12.6	14.1
383	Bank tellers	790	458,462	7,158	10,809	1.6	2.4
384	Proofreaders	46	31,819	3,273	3,273	10.3	10.3
385	Data-entry keyers	1,053	643,762	76,723	93,231	11.9	14.5
386	Statistical clerks	85	52,492	9,807	12,951	18.7	24.7
387	Teachers' aides	843	498,101	175,587	211,498	35.3	42.5
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	2,166	1,295,791	159,241	193,067	12.3	14.9
	PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATIONS	1,456	886,296	4,869	6,579	0.5	0.7
403	Launderers and ironers	1	278	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	10	6,855	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	34	22,401	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	560	336,353	568	568	0.2	0.2
407	Private household cleaners and servants	851	520,408	4,301	6,011	0.8	1.2
	PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	3,423	2,178,377	873,161	937,060	40.1	43.0
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	56	36,403	25,198	27,467	69.2	75.5
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	149	96,645	55,708	60,222	57.6	62.3
415	Supervisors, guards	72	48,597	3,183	5,032	6.5	10.4
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	42	20,786	11,533	11,533	55.5	55.5
417	Firefighting occupations	300	189,043	141,069	144,301	74.6	76.3
418	Police and detectives, public service	799	516,149	309,989	326,507	60.1	63.3
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	201	120,794	48,041	52,295	39.8	43.3
424	Correctional institution officers	460	317,927	167,534	180,733	52.7	56.8
425	Crossing guards	83	48,134	12,997	13,422	27.0	27.9
426	Guards and police, except public service	1,116	700,840	90,346	107,623	12.9	15.4
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	145	83,061	7,565	7,925	9.1	9.5
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PROTECTIVE AND HOUSEHOLD	20,987	12,306,317	1,249,159	1,411,239	10.2	11.5
433	Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations	554