Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1994 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	20,834	13,102,876	827,731	1,073,199	6.3	8.2
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public administration	21	13,765	1,032	1,032	7.5	7.5
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	1,036	627,825	113,190	153,584	18.0	24.5
6	Administrators, protective services	95	52,575	13,398	13,730	25.5	26.1
7	Financial managers	903	588,202	9,758	15,145	1.7	2.6
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	162	102,994	4,106	5,822	4.0	5.7
9	Purchasing managers	175	118,451	5,200	6,808	4.4	5.7
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	822	534,461	2,724	5,667	0.5	1.1
14	Administrators, education and related fields	1,043	631,793	111,793	144,861	17.7	22.9
15	Managers, medicine and health	941	574,385	27,826	33,290	4.8	5.8
17	Managers, food serving and lodging establishments	1,307	829,599	20,229	25,955	2.4	3.1
18	Managers, properties and real estate	500	329,281	17,214	19,895	5.2	6.0
19	Funeral directors	48	31,821	1,110	1,110	3.5	3.5
21	Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.	821	503,118	39,680	50,360	7.9	10.0
22	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	6,778	4,253,844	136,454	178,190	3.2	4.2
23	Accountants and auditors	2,062	1,313,321	89,655	120,389	6.8	9.2
24	Underwriters	138	86,062	0	0	0.0	0.0
25	Other financial officers	1,048	668,381	20,757	27,010	3.1	4.0
26	Management analysts	192	126,466	4,739	8,525	3.7	6.7
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	619	390,099	44,663	51,268	11.4	13.1
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	28	15,393	108	108	0.7	0.7
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	319	200,944	2,204	2,705	1.1	1.3
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	354	222,854	18,168	25,217	8.2	11.3
34	Business and promotion agents	28	17,036	763	763	4.5	4.5
35	Construction inspectors	101	63,468	21,540	23,976	33.9	37.8
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction	353	224,946	66,702	80,479	29.7	35.8
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	828	527,052	29,308	46,940	5.6	8.9
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS, EXC. TEACHERS	16,947	10,464,731	1,154,108	1,429,573	11.0	13.7
43	Architects	134	84,784	2,488	5,102	2.9	6.0
44	Aerospace engineers	97	74,572	6,435	10,854	8.6	14.6
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	53	32,972	1,758	1,758	5.3	5.3
46	Mining engineers	14	6,597	0	0	0.0	0.0
47	Petroleum engineers	39	26,245	962	1,247	3.7	4.8
48	Chemical engineers	96	53,319	872	1,566	1.6	2.9
49	Nuclear engineers	18	8,978	237	237	2.6	2.6
53	Civil engineers	366	209,320	30,336	35,125	14.5	16.8
54	Agricultural engineers	5	2,377	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	832	535,161	26,182	39,352	4.9	7.4
56	Industrial engineers	371	245,772	10,893	16,524	4.4	6.7
57	Mechanical engineers	506	324,222	17,031	25,726	5.3	7.9
58	Marine and naval architects	17	10,133	2,656	3,189	26.2	31.5
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	374	235,155	9,955	12,235	4.2	5.2
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	32	17,005	1,028	1,028	6.0	6.0
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	1,247	846,428	23,619	48,876	2.8	5.8
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	341	225,297	17,899	23,467	7.9	10.4
66	Actuaries	17	10,798	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	42	26,785	2,989	3,673	11.2	13.7
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	11	7,007	0	0	0.0	0.0
69	Physicists and astronomers	46	24,569	930	1,752	3.8	7.1
73	Chemists, except biochemists	233	143,316	7,296	9,871	5.1	6.9
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	21	11,946	857	2,105	7.2	17.6
75	Geologists and geodesists	89	48,128	2,427	2,427	5.0	5.0
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	57	33,834	1,465	1,465	4.3	4.3
77	Agricultural and food scientists	62	30,556	3,217	3,217	10.5	10.5
78	Biological and life scientists	203	124,218	10,976	11,939	8.8	9.6
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	72	37,925	5,231	8,216	13.8	21.7
83	Medical scientists	99	64,411	2,558	3,136	4.0	4.9
84	Physicians	635	385,690	18,373	31,027	4.8	8.0
85	Dentists	45	24,501	1,965	2,751	8.0	11.2
86	Veterinarians	41	26,516	1,645	2,306	6.2	8.7
87	Optometrists	17	10,626	441	441	4.2	4.2
88	Podiatrists	2	1,316	0	703	0.0	53.4
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	11	7,037	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	3,214	1,933,338	333,553	388,533	17.3	20.1
96	Pharmacists	254	158,353	12,876	16,770	8.1	10.6
97	Dietitians	132	78,971	8,562	12,438	10.8	15.8
98	Respiratory therapists	148	97,418	7,356	9,057	7.6	9.3
99	Occupational therapists	67	41,336	2,778	2,778	6.7	6.7
103	Physical therapists	153	92,096	5,677	8,048	6.2	8.7
104	Speech therapists	146	87,294	37,702	43,647	43.2	50.0
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	116	74,510	14,941	15,276	20.1	20.5
106	Physicians' assistants	86	51,763	1,460	4,547	2.8	8.8
163	Counselors, Educational and Vocational	395	232,739	84,938	104,769	36.5	45.0
164	Librarians	360	201,126	43,616	51,367	21.7	25.5
165	Archivists and curators	38	23,383	1,634	3,132	7.0	13.4
166	Economists	154	92,411	5,674	8,428	6.1	9.1
167	Psychologists	334	205,178	38,464	47,414	18.7	23.1
168	Sociologists	5	3,126	2,082	3,126	66.6	100.0
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	41	26,147	2,952	2,952	11.3	11.3
173	Urban planners	25	18,656	4,079	4,079	21.9	21.9
174	Social workers	1,058	633,225	170,507	191,204	26.9	30.2
175	Recreation workers	177	111,147	4,966	5,996	4.5	5.4
176	Clergy	593	372,096	9,299	11,520	2.5	3.1
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	108	69,515	0	1,778	0.0	2.6
178	Lawyers and Judges	771	472,988	26,676	35,947	5.6	7.6
183	Authors	70	39,077	3,919	5,163	10.0	13.2
184	Technical writers	103	70,567	2,626	3,168	3.7	4.5
185	Designers	650	410,785	20,770	22,034	5.1	5.4
186	Musicians and composers	133	84,629	12,440	13,463	14.7	15.9
187	Actors and directors	98	60,717	12,595	12,595	20.7	20.7
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers	159	91,768	7,753	10,140	8.4	11.0
189	Photographers	124	82,792	4,088	5,572	4.9	6.7
193	Dancers	30	20,404	1,201	1,201	5.9	5.9
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	94	58,990	6,320	7,311	10.7	12.4
195	Editors and reporters	395	232,836	25,392	30,660	10.9	13.2
197	Public relations specialists	236	138,200	7,064	11,337	5.1	8.2
198	Announcers	77	41,615	6,823	6,823	16.4	16.4
199	Athletes	99	60,437	7,842	11,491	13.0	19.0
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,449	840,601	143,154	196,975	17.0	23.4
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	12	5,443	885	885	16.3	16.3
114	Biological science teachers	60	33,588	6,174	8,760	18.4	26.1
115	Chemistry teachers	34	21,016	1,756	4,339	8.4	20.6
116	Physics teachers	26	15,828	1,793	2,023	11.3	12.8
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	3	1,527	0	0	0.0	0.0
118	Psychology teachers	35	17,257	3,276	4,281	19.0	24.8
119	Economics teachers	39	22,524	3,048	3,792	13.5	16.8
123	History teachers	21	15,107	2,411	3,265	16.0	21.6
124	Political science teachers	17	9,086	1,839	3,023	20.2	33.3
125	Sociology teachers	13	12,039	1,259	1,259	10.5	10.5
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	20	15,230	3,915	5,721	25.7	37.6
127	Engineering teachers	59	31,836	6,113	9,188	19.2	28.9
128	Mathematical science teachers	82	47,940	5,040	11,784	10.5	24.6
129	Computer science teachers	34	17,307	2,258	3,255	13.0	18.8
133	Medical science teachers	24	14,100	1,687	3,776	12.0	26.8
134	Health specialties teachers	68	35,539	7,570	11,193	21.3	31.5
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	44	22,222	5,958	6,419	26.8	28.9
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	9	4,234	408	1,201	9.6	28.4
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	58	33,137	7,714	8,098	23.3	24.4
138	Physical education teachers	11	6,333	579	1,528	9.1	24.1
139	Education teachers	24	13,379	3,798	4,403	28.4	32.9
143	English teachers	107	65,838	17,676	18,819	26.8	28.6
144	Foreign language teachers	31	17,125	1,098	3,112	6.4	18.2
145	Law teachers	20	12,560	0	375	0.0	3.0
146	Social work teachers	4	2,059	1,641	1,641	79.7	79.7
147	Theology teachers	22	12,889	1,115	1,115	8.6	8.6
148	Trade and industrial teachers	9	4,186	1,465	1,465	35.0	35.0
149	Home economics teachers	3	807	0	0	0.0	0.0
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	15	8,354	556	1,687	6.7	20.2
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	545	322,112	52,125	70,570	16.2	21.9
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,926	4,134,704	1,976,670	2,239,216	47.8	54.2
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	766	480,379	111,228	125,343	23.2	26.1
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,702	1,635,108	931,531	1,052,956	57.0	64.4
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,067	1,189,715	696,675	790,729	58.6	66.5
158	Teachers, special education	518	300,931	189,810	214,572	63.1	71.3
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	873	528,571	47,425	55,617	9.0	10.5
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	6,086	3,765,520	428,189	505,439	11.4	13.4
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	547	332,803	30,606	38,828	9.2	11.7
204	Dental hygienists	154	91,540	1,724	2,850	1.9	3.1
205	Health record technologists and technicians	57	32,233	3,851	4,433	11.9	13.8
206	Radiologic technicians	249	154,224	12,868	15,809	8.3	10.3
207	Licensed practical nurses	657	390,471	53,448	64,244	13.7	16.5
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	879	562,829	57,235	67,947	10.2	12.1
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	492	306,371	56,938	68,373	18.6	22.3
214	Industrial engineering technicians	7	5,183	2,706	2,706	52.2	52.2
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	26	16,882	2,749	2,749	16.3	16.3
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	436	264,819	30,730	38,506	11.6	14.5
217	Drafting occupations	349	221,391	15,766	18,474	7.1	8.3
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	103	59,896	8,908	10,293	14.9	17.2
223	Biological technicians	135	82,735	6,045	6,358	7.3	7.7
224	Chemical technicians	126	77,993	11,831	11,831	15.2	15.2
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	165	99,921	14,556	15,671	14.6	15.7
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	159	105,426	55,367	56,425	52.5	53.5
227	Air traffic controllers	44	23,723	14,513	17,912	61.2	75.5
228	Broadcast equipment operators	42	24,352	5,780	5,780	23.7	23.7
229	Computer programmers	827	529,936	20,560	30,549	3.9	5.8
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	8	4,699	0	0	0.0	0.0
234	Legal assistants	432	259,893	10,200	11,955	3.9	4.6
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	192	118,203	11,809	13,748	10.0	11.6
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	18,858	11,982,418	583,816	661,275	4.9	5.5
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	4,787	3,001,164	140,394	156,375	4.7	5.2
253	Insurance sales occupations	622	407,743	17,949	24,529	4.4	6.0
254	Real estate sales occupations	599	386,781	9,747	14,157	2.5	3.7
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	482	313,347	3,122	4,033	1.0	1.3
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	219	132,772	7,625	9,425	5.7	7.1
257	Sales occupations, other business services	686	450,219	21,007	25,483	4.7	5.7
258	Sales engineers	41	26,173	0	0	0.0	0.0
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	1,950	1,246,711	25,762	30,413	2.1	2.4
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	382	247,926	1,389	1,389	0.6	0.6
264	Sales workers, apparel	627	407,174	13,420	14,251	3.3	3.5
265	Sales workers, shoes	167	111,182	2,890	3,855	2.6	3.5
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	225	135,866	1,438	2,890	1.1	2.1
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	298	210,770	706	706	0.3	0.3
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	396	243,310	3,406	5,494	1.4	2.3
269	Sales workers, parts	254	157,618	3,762	5,386	2.4	3.4
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,005	1,249,812	37,958	40,875	3.0	3.3
275	Sales counter clerks	303	198,817	4,428	5,885	2.2	3.0
276	Cashiers	4,271	2,716,437	279,943	305,210	10.3	11.2
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	285	177,063	5,213	6,813	2.9	3.8
278	News vendors	155	91,219	1,995	2,444	2.2	2.7
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	80	55,622	1,662	1,662	3.0	3.0
284	Auctioneers	4	2,137	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	20	12,556	0	0	0.0	0.0
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING CLERICAL	28,433	17,755,135	2,452,862	2,874,129	13.8	16.2
303	Supervisors, general office	734	461,453	61,109	75,532	13.2	16.4
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	40	25,662	893	1,984	3.5	7.7
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	166	96,646	3,263	5,450	3.4	5.6
306	Chief communications operators	5	3,340	0	0	0.0	0.0
307	Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	255	166,105	32,800	39,200	19.7	23.6
308	Computer operators	861	544,695	56,205	68,129	10.3	12.5
309	Peripheral equipment operators	7	4,289	0	0	0.0	0.0
313	Secretaries	5,340	3,200,788	271,615	326,897	8.5	10.2
314	Stenographers	121	74,846	8,879	9,193	11.9	12.3
315	Typists	1,007	623,274	85,761	99,540	13.8	16.0
316	Interviewers	233	155,981	8,393	9,154	5.4	5.9
317	Hotel clerks	189	114,917	4,617	4,617	4.0	4.0
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	364	226,897	31,871	34,352	14.0	15.1
319	Receptionists	1,425	918,480	44,328	54,668	4.8	6.0
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	410	268,244	21,010	26,482	7.8	9.9
325	Classified-ad clerks	4	1,578	0	0	0.0	0.0
326	Correspondence clerks	21	11,794	674	1,153	5.7	9.8
327	Order clerks	308	203,057	62,131	70,487	30.6	34.7
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	105	71,867	10,228	14,530	14.2	20.2
329	Library clerks	245	147,089	19,677	26,852	13.4	18.3
335	File clerks	413	272,036	20,640	25,992	7.6	9.6
336	Records clerks	278	177,363	22,938	30,717	12.9	17.3
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,383	1,414,057	72,686	88,691	5.1	6.3
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	244	152,947	20,239	23,906	13.2	15.6
339	Billing clerks	260	166,802	15,078	17,108	9.0	10.3
343	Cost and rate clerks	77	49,909	6,929	7,805	13.9	15.6
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	114	67,315	4,934	6,022	7.3	8.9
345	Duplicating machine operators	40	27,822	1,457	1,457	5.2	5.2
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	13	7,360	1,802	1,802	24.5	24.5
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	46	28,195	3,473	3,473	12.3	12.3
348	Telephone operators	270	163,028	53,411	55,127	32.8	33.8
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	17	14,461	1,443	1,443	10.0	10.0
354	Postal clerks, except mail carriers	496	303,589	234,087	259,828	77.1	85.6
355	Mail carriers, postal service	563	359,807	294,228	310,928	81.8	86.4
356	Mail clerks, except postal service	275	166,066	23,385	26,447	14.1	15.9
357	Messengers	215	137,972	5,867	5,867	4.3	4.3
359	Dispatchers	344	221,970	37,152	44,777	16.7	20.2
363	Production coordinators	292	192,791	25,363	29,171	13.2	15.1
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	870	571,084	100,083	107,563	17.5	18.8
365	Stock and inventory clerks	688	443,233	73,277	85,442	16.5	19.3
366	Meter readers	84	52,554	23,761	24,217	45.2	46.1
368	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers	102	65,200	12,901	15,925	19.8	24.4
373	Expediters	294	176,947	23,209	26,663	13.1	15.1
374	Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.	33	21,394	3,984	4,942	18.6	23.1
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	538	345,440	14,460	19,375	4.2	5.6
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	1,219	789,522	42,728	53,668	5.4	6.8
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	173	108,333	35,661	41,364	32.9	38.2
378	Bill and account collectors	246	155,531	9,658	10,521	6.2	6.8
379	General office clerks	1,049	672,251	85,800	101,776	12.8	15.1
383	Bank tellers	676	424,291	4,709	12,590	1.1	3.0
384	Proofreaders	35	22,978	1,606	1,960	7.0	8.5
385	Data-entry keyers	978	633,355	63,714	79,696	10.1	12.6
386	Statistical clerks	108	75,223	10,814	13,566	14.4	18.0
387	Teachers' aides	944	574,814	183,006	221,813	31.8	38.6
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	2,216	1,378,491	194,923	244,267	14.1	17.7
	PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATIONS	1,228	796,577	6,058	8,710	0.8	1.1
403	Launderers and ironers	1	622	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	14	8,557	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	24	16,130	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	424	271,892	2,842	4,324	1.0	1.6
407	Private household cleaners and servants	765	499,376	3,215	4,386	0.6	0.9
	PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	3,370	2,232,568	925,289	984,140	41.4	44.1
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	76	50,625	33,947	37,326	67.1	73.7
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	158	106,626	60,613	64,033	56.8	60.1
415	Supervisors, guards	86	62,328	3,060	3,060	4.9	4.9
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	35	18,005	8,398	8,398	46.6	46.6
417	Firefighting occupations	309	198,501	151,739	154,759	76.4	78.0
418	Police and detectives, public service	825	529,567	354,798	369,233	67.0	69.7
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	195	127,946	49,270	54,006	38.5	42.2
424	Correctional institution officers	428	303,581	159,007	170,774	52.4	56.3
425	Crossing guards	67	39,881	9,657	10,038	24.2	25.2
426	Guards and police, except public service	1,039	694,296	84,651	99,762	12.2	14.4
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	152	101,212	10,149	12,751	10.0	12.6
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PROTECTIVE AND HOUSEHOLD	20,242	12,564,619	1,290,636	1,446,763	10.3	11.5