Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1995 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	21,776	13,825,589	803,197	1,016,646	5.8	7.4
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public administration	23	17,098	1,124	1,124	6.6	6.6
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	1,085	613,694	103,771	145,259	16.9	23.7
6	Administrators, protective services	101	56,885	13,668	15,518	24.0	27.3
7	Financial managers	921	574,945	3,686	6,935	0.6	1.2
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	187	122,802	4,157	5,785	3.4	4.7
9	Purchasing managers	196	127,391	6,231	7,597	4.9	6.0
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	960	634,595	8,976	11,640	1.4	1.8
14	Administrators, education and related fields	1,057	638,257	103,092	130,228	16.2	20.4
15	Managers, medicine and health	1,017	624,597	21,311	25,586	3.4	4.1
17	Managers, food serving and lodging establishments	1,370	882,893	24,223	30,135	2.7	3.4
18	Managers, properties and real estate	529	342,880	18,401	19,882	5.4	5.8
19	Funeral directors	55	33,612	0	0	0.0	0.0
21	Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.	835	534,467	39,292	50,497	7.4	9.4
22	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	7,309	4,717,679	163,194	199,485	3.5	4.2
23	Accountants and auditors	2,150	1,365,850	79,318	103,523	5.8	7.6
24	Underwriters	156	101,570	1,151	1,772	1.1	1.7
25	Other financial officers	1,010	655,704	18,265	29,231	2.8	4.5
26	Management analysts	255	151,235	6,060	7,670	4.0	5.1
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	628	394,849	37,259	46,258	9.4	11.7
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	16	7,827	541	541	6.9	6.9
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	326	208,487	3,301	5,782	1.6	2.8
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	381	251,651	16,746	23,430	6.7	9.3
34	Business and promotion agents	24	14,839	0	0	0.0	0.0
35	Construction inspectors	103	65,831	21,580	23,553	32.8	35.8
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction	328	224,993	65,352	74,411	29.0	33.1
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	682	423,478	25,000	31,993	5.9	7.6
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS, EXC. TEACHERS	17,273	10,841,199	1,157,174	1,427,427	10.7	13.2
43	Architects	169	107,026	5,961	5,961	5.6	5.6
44	Aerospace engineers	99	75,447	7,092	7,092	9.4	9.4
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	33	19,991	142	142	0.7	0.7
46	Mining engineers	19	6,861	0	0	0.0	0.0
47	Petroleum engineers	31	21,829	1,215	1,215	5.6	5.6
48	Chemical engineers	109	72,958	2,977	5,776	4.1	7.9
49	Nuclear engineers	26	15,943	359	1,164	2.2	7.3
53	Civil engineers	358	216,313	29,833	36,397	13.8	16.8
54	Agricultural engineers	5	2,709	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	878	602,344	35,302	46,705	5.9	7.8
56	Industrial engineers	369	244,459	7,282	11,585	3.0	4.7
57	Mechanical engineers	492	313,076	16,991	22,983	5.4	7.3
58	Marine and naval architects	22	14,329	1,183	1,714	8.3	12.0
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	390	253,760	10,614	14,228	4.2	5.6
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	32	16,519	1,852	1,998	11.2	12.1
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	1,273	834,866	21,753	48,217	2.6	5.8
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	322	204,860	16,535	24,649	8.1	12.0
66	Actuaries	25	17,706	417	417	2.4	2.4
67	Statisticians	32	19,618	1,323	2,157	6.7	11.0
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	9	6,921	0	550	0.0	7.9
69	Physicists and astronomers	47	29,198	1,147	1,874	3.9	6.4
73	Chemists, except biochemists	222	137,334	8,104	10,790	5.9	7.9
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	20	9,600	996	1,168	10.4	12.2
75	Geologists and geodesists	78	52,854	2,949	4,324	5.6	8.2
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	76	40,981	4,767	6,227	11.6	15.2
77	Agricultural and food scientists	62	38,237	3,101	4,333	8.1	11.3
78	Biological and life scientists	175	97,894	8,307	10,514	8.5	10.7
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	50	20,418	1,637	2,014	8.0	9.9
83	Medical scientists	95	61,054	3,752	6,650	6.1	10.9
84	Physicians	736	451,761	26,028	39,847	5.8	8.8
85	Dentists	52	29,158	289	1,380	1.0	4.7
86	Veterinarians	49	31,538	146	1,655	0.5	5.2
87	Optometrists	17	10,503	1,534	2,280	14.6	21.7
88	Podiatrists	1	364	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	16	11,688	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	3,179	1,949,020	300,931	360,766	15.4	18.5
96	Pharmacists	252	151,982	11,499	15,079	7.6	9.9
97	Dietitians	136	83,496	15,165	16,063	18.2	19.2
98	Respiratory therapists	146	96,151	4,811	5,114	5.0	5.3
99	Occupational therapists	74	43,704	3,741	5,152	8.6	11.8
103	Physical therapists	196	121,261	9,261	12,416	7.6	10.2
104	Speech therapists	147	80,750	33,080	38,426	41.0	47.6
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	140	88,916	10,722	11,014	12.1	12.4
106	Physicians' assistants	85	53,369	2,998	3,550	5.6	6.7
163	Counselors, Educational and Vocational	381	235,955	88,129	100,535	37.3	42.6
164	Librarians	335	192,510	56,693	63,707	29.4	33.1
165	Archivists and curators	25	15,547	607	739	3.9	4.8
166	Economists	211	130,854	3,860	8,083	2.9	6.2
167	Psychologists	309	191,090	37,927	48,304	19.8	25.3
168	Sociologists	7	4,174	1,540	1,540	36.9	36.9
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	45	21,468	1,413	2,147	6.6	10.0
173	Urban planners	23	17,064	3,178	3,178	18.6	18.6
174	Social workers	1,143	716,558	190,615	214,461	26.6	29.9
175	Recreation workers	163	99,455	1,940	4,337	2.0	4.4
176	Clergy	566	362,054	7,443	7,968	2.1	2.2
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	167	108,034	0	966	0.0	0.9
178	Lawyers and Judges	874	555,769	35,684	40,658	6.4	7.3
183	Authors	64	37,904	3,700	3,700	9.8	9.8
184	Technical writers	73	47,577	1,886	2,348	4.0	4.9
185	Designers	626	395,209	20,800	23,882	5.3	6.0
186	Musicians and composers	134	87,276	11,493	11,964	13.2	13.7
187	Actors and directors	131	81,775	9,948	10,672	12.2	13.1
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers	164	111,742	8,250	10,319	7.4	9.2
189	Photographers	121	78,643	7,278	8,701	9.3	11.1
193	Dancers	39	21,014	741	1,394	3.5	6.6
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	95	63,099	5,786	8,120	9.2	12.9
195	Editors and reporters	400	240,143	18,826	23,480	7.8	9.8
197	Public relations specialists	208	123,165	6,347	8,920	5.2	7.2
198	Announcers	73	40,125	6,010	6,010	15.0	15.0
199	Athletes	114	79,487	10,160	15,889	12.8	20.0
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,446	846,433	140,891	179,350	16.6	21.2
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	10	6,698	656	2,318	9.8	34.6
114	Biological science teachers	62	35,000	2,923	4,696	8.4	13.4
115	Chemistry teachers	34	19,568	2,720	3,632	13.9	18.6
116	Physics teachers	21	14,347	3,669	5,030	25.6	35.1
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	6	3,063	1,610	1,610	52.6	52.6
118	Psychology teachers	42	25,039	3,341	4,842	13.3	19.3
119	Economics teachers	32	18,824	4,917	6,163	26.1	32.7
123	History teachers	17	10,832	468	2,754	4.3	25.4
124	Political science teachers	15	7,600	2,409	2,883	31.7	37.9
125	Sociology teachers	12	7,250	1,218	1,717	16.8	23.7
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	10	6,043	0	0	0.0	0.0
127	Engineering teachers	57	31,572	6,624	9,661	21.0	30.6
128	Mathematical science teachers	75	42,250	5,679	7,045	13.4	16.7
129	Computer science teachers	41	26,563	5,277	7,739	19.9	29.1
133	Medical science teachers	17	9,652	1,153	1,153	11.9	11.9
134	Health specialties teachers	71	44,023	11,440	14,262	26.0	32.4
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	50	30,163	8,442	8,442	28.0	28.0
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	4	1,562	0	0	0.0	0.0
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	49	28,412	4,281	5,763	15.1	20.3
138	Physical education teachers	10	7,231	1,886	1,886	26.1	26.1
139	Education teachers	15	8,370	3,361	3,361	40.2	40.2
143	English teachers	113	71,267	12,151	13,411	17.0	18.8
144	Foreign language teachers	51	35,297	7,702	7,702	21.8	21.8
145	Law teachers	10	3,762	162	162	4.3	4.3
146	Social work teachers	6	4,152	1,829	1,829	44.0	44.0
147	Theology teachers	17	9,993	1,103	1,103	11.0	11.0
148	Trade and industrial teachers	7	3,132	1,931	1,931	61.7	61.7
149	Home economics teachers	3	961	676	676	70.3	70.3
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	11	7,599	2,363	2,363	31.1	31.1
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	578	326,207	40,901	55,214	12.5	16.9
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,982	4,299,525	2,014,296	2,285,130	46.8	53.1
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	744	488,227	89,531	108,687	18.3	22.3
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,815	1,714,555	958,529	1,087,378	55.9	63.4
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,012	1,228,983	717,862	801,881	58.4	65.2
158	Teachers, special education	526	317,591	195,166	222,485	61.5	70.1
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	885	550,169	53,208	64,699	9.7	11.8
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,874	3,794,748	447,845	526,244	11.8	13.9
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	592	370,727	43,354	51,650	11.7	13.9
204	Dental hygienists	155	94,170	2,583	2,948	2.7	3.1
205	Health record technologists and technicians	35	19,974	2,197	2,197	11.0	11.0
206	Radiologic technicians	232	148,215	14,029	15,452	9.5	10.4
207	Licensed practical nurses	630	394,863	53,845	64,285	13.6	16.3
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	901	608,101	74,887	87,219	12.3	14.3
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	474	323,092	50,749	56,875	15.7	17.6
214	Industrial engineering technicians	5	2,411	1,287	1,287	53.4	53.4
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	27	17,567	1,588	2,382	9.0	13.6
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	353	229,409	35,651	45,761	15.5	19.9
217	Drafting occupations	325	213,007	11,629	12,704	5.5	6.0
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	88	57,219	5,675	6,819	9.9	11.9
223	Biological technicians	159	96,888	10,428	11,446	10.8	11.8
224	Chemical technicians	129	79,466	12,099	13,444	15.2	16.9
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	140	90,239	11,052	14,022	12.2	15.5
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	156	107,156	57,305	60,032	53.5	56.0
227	Air traffic controllers	49	33,621	15,100	20,882	44.9	62.1
228	Broadcast equipment operators	57	34,488	5,546	6,963	16.1	20.2
229	Computer programmers	815	527,678	21,715	28,277	4.1	5.4
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	3	2,130	835	835	39.2	39.2
234	Legal assistants	411	266,266	10,699	13,892	4.0	5.2
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	138	78,061	5,593	6,872	7.2	8.8
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	19,138	12,427,401	560,956	650,778	4.5	5.2
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	4,962	3,136,065	142,827	168,355	4.6	5.4
253	Insurance sales occupations	589	384,631	9,637	14,651	2.5	3.8
254	Real estate sales occupations	587	383,827	10,990	15,893	2.9	4.1
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	466	299,273	3,565	5,425	1.2	1.8
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	218	130,323	4,485	5,086	3.4	3.9
257	Sales occupations, other business services	756	513,395	25,054	29,864	4.9	5.8
258	Sales engineers	52	36,818	695	1,445	1.9	3.9
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	1,961	1,300,403	27,029	33,021	2.1	2.5
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	435	285,578	2,943	3,706	1.0	1.3
264	Sales workers, apparel	637	433,318	5,116	6,860	1.2	1.6
265	Sales workers, shoes	189	134,121	3,664	4,291	2.7	3.2
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	233	155,267	3,349	4,070	2.2	2.6
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	328	215,270	1,877	2,564	0.9	1.2
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	386	236,730	2,498	2,498	1.1	1.1
269	Sales workers, parts	223	146,603	2,603	3,113	1.8	2.1
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,189	1,406,193	37,640	44,531	2.7	3.2
275	Sales counter clerks	278	190,983	9,602	10,245	5.0	5.4
276	Cashiers	4,096	2,680,283	265,238	289,298	9.9	10.8
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	306	187,395	918	2,550	0.5	1.4
278	News vendors	133	91,433	1,224	3,313	1.3	3.6
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	95	65,222	0	0	0.0	0.0
284	Auctioneers	3	1,165	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	16	13,102	0	0	0.0	0.0
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING CLERICAL	27,539	17,619,971	2,355,114	2,705,528	13.4	15.4
303	Supervisors, general office	723	449,943	59,240	73,043	13.2	16.2
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	24	15,948	1,022	1,022	6.4	6.4
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	136	84,831	3,922	5,326	4.6	6.3
306	Chief communications operators	10	6,602	1,233	1,233	18.7	18.7
307	Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	233	162,534	28,135	33,312	17.3	20.5
308	Computer operators	727	480,819	47,326	55,103	9.8	11.5
309	Peripheral equipment operators	8	4,916	606	606	12.3	12.3
313	Secretaries	5,192	3,192,813	266,789	314,897	8.4	9.9
314	Stenographers	114	68,907	9,113	9,505	13.2	13.8
315	Typists	1,002	650,521	83,470	98,366	12.8	15.1
316	Interviewers	273	179,896	9,168	12,370	5.1	6.9
317	Hotel clerks	162	90,791	1,005	1,372	1.1	1.5
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	429	282,721	39,172	42,055	13.9	14.9
319	Receptionists	1,422	909,942	32,383	39,753	3.6	4.4
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	463	300,440	16,149	18,127	5.4	6.0
325	Classified-ad clerks	4	3,093	0	0	0.0	0.0
326	Correspondence clerks	26	14,042	169	169	1.2	1.2
327	Order clerks	358	238,418	58,152	68,051	24.4	28.5
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	99	62,220	9,561	13,045	15.4	21.0
329	Library clerks	228	145,089	31,322	34,075	21.6	23.5
335	File clerks	474	316,515	19,037	22,839	6.0	7.2
336	Records clerks	269	164,893	23,142	26,214	14.0	15.9
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,250	1,405,545	67,531	80,611	4.8	5.7
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	247	155,028	28,636	30,328	18.5	19.6
339	Billing clerks	268	174,915	13,014	15,217	7.4	8.7
343	Cost and rate clerks	85	52,124	6,461	7,090	12.4	13.6
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	127	84,426	6,727	7,974	8.0	9.4
345	Duplicating machine operators	54	38,296	1,842	1,842	4.8	4.8
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	12	7,731	1,784	1,784	23.1	23.1
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	34	21,618	559	1,763	2.6	8.2
348	Telephone operators	256	169,487	44,284	46,541	26.1	27.5
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	14	8,283	1,610	1,610	19.4	19.4
354	Postal clerks, except mail carriers	480	300,714	223,611	245,853	74.4	81.8
355	Mail carriers, postal service	567	374,194	303,903	320,888	81.2	85.8
356	Mail clerks, except postal service	276	183,233	17,912	21,738	9.8	11.9
357	Messengers	221	141,516	7,503	8,796	5.3	6.2
359	Dispatchers	368	239,437	49,533	55,774	20.7	23.3
363	Production coordinators	312	201,459	21,712	25,879	10.8	12.8
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	931	653,708	107,338	112,261	16.4	17.2
365	Stock and inventory clerks	700	462,142	76,497	91,492	16.6	19.8
366	Meter readers	74	51,443	21,028	22,259	40.9	43.3
368	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers	93	54,202	14,951	16,156	27.6	29.8
373	Expediters	308	195,946	19,277	21,911	9.8	11.2
374	Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.	32	23,161	4,709	4,709	20.3	20.3
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	564	367,101	11,049	13,706	3.0	3.7
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	1,242	810,730	46,099	59,912	5.7	7.4
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	140	87,779	27,826	33,333	31.7	38.0
378	Bill and account collectors	226	145,732	8,978	11,026	6.2	7.6
379	General office clerks	1,036	648,203	82,852	95,628	12.8	14.8
383	Bank tellers	680	442,884	8,328	10,337	1.9	2.3
384	Proofreaders	40	27,298	168	168	0.6	0.6
385	Data-entry keyers	973	641,694	62,915	74,822	9.8	11.7
386	Statistical clerks	140	91,397	10,803	12,153	11.8	13.3
387	Teachers' aides	979	638,572	194,273	242,131	30.4	37.9
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,434	894,082	121,285	139,352	13.6	15.6
	PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATIONS	1,246	818,322	3,835	7,467	0.5	0.9
403	Launderers and ironers	2	1,061	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	14	7,679	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	16	10,972	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	496	319,465	1,793	4,263	0.6	1.3
407	Private household cleaners and servants	718	479,144	2,041	3,204	0.4	0.7
	PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	3,308	2,235,787	899,534	977,978	40.2	43.7
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	56	36,033	26,077	26,077	72.4	72.4
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	148	99,098	56,358	61,158	56.9	61.7
415	Supervisors, guards	79	55,105	2,138	4,753	3.9	8.6
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	15	8,661	3,434	3,941	39.6	45.5
417	Firefighting occupations	358	236,819	165,421	172,948	69.9	73.0
418	Police and detectives, public service	777	517,869	317,085	348,377	61.2	67.3
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	221	157,562	58,260	62,766	37.0	39.8
424	Correctional institution officers	407	287,893	158,808	168,776	55.2	58.6
425	Crossing guards	67	42,129	10,669	11,890	25.3	28.2
426	Guards and police, except public service	1,028	696,640	96,887	110,192	13.9	15.8
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	152	97,977	4,397	7,098	4.5	7.2
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PROTECTIVE AND HOUSEHOLD	19,771	12,593,486	1,209,105	1,370,429	9.6	10.9