Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 2000 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	22,049	16,433,661	875,028	1,074,648	5.3	6.5
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public administration	33	21,276	2,046	2,249	9.6	10.6
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	970	648,847	112,324	144,030	17.3	22.2
6	Administrators, protective services	85	60,469	10,092	11,366	16.7	18.8
7	Financial managers	1,008	759,993	4,377	10,107	0.6	1.3
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	309	222,942	2,922	4,632	1.3	2.1
9	Purchasing managers	166	120,790	1,601	1,601	1.3	1.3
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	971	749,713	6,794	8,881	0.9	1.2
14	Administrators, education and related fields	1,118	791,974	139,931	180,787	17.7	22.8
15	Managers, medicine and health	968	697,473	24,816	32,747	3.6	4.7
17	Managers, food serving and lodging establishments	1,378	1,036,134	29,073	33,899	2.8	3.3
18	Managers, properties and real estate	520	393,669	11,306	13,155	2.9	3.3
19	Funeral directors	56	45,579	585	585	1.3	1.3
21	Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.	873	613,183	45,346	54,448	7.4	8.9
22	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	7,698	5,852,434	204,111	246,614	3.5	4.2
23	Accountants and auditors	1,890	1,414,795	70,508	79,137	5.0	5.6
24	Underwriters	129	101,412	297	297	0.3	0.3
25	Other financial officers	1,028	759,215	23,782	32,919	3.1	4.3
26	Management analysts	344	259,103	10,437	12,608	4.0	4.9
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	780	606,811	45,852	57,225	7.6	9.4
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	14	8,210	723	723	8.8	8.8
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	282	205,810	8,062	8,062	3.9	3.9
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	348	262,002	15,629	16,102	6.0	6.1
34	Business and promotion agents	28	21,669	0	0	0.0	0.0
35	Construction inspectors	96	71,743	16,892	17,742	23.5	24.7
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction	342	245,218	66,256	81,286	27.0	33.1
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	615	463,196	21,267	23,448	4.6	5.1
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS, EXC. TEACHERS	17,305	12,916,262	1,268,227	1,485,939	9.8	11.5
43	Architects	201	158,217	5,930	8,658	3.7	5.5
44	Aerospace engineers	86	77,458	10,357	15,193	13.4	19.6
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	43	35,354	0	0	0.0	0.0
46	Mining engineers	3	1,054	0	0	0.0	0.0
47	Petroleum engineers	27	19,349	0	0	0.0	0.0
48	Chemical engineers	113	89,944	4,664	4,664	5.2	5.2
49	Nuclear engineers	16	12,045	0	0	0.0	0.0
53	Civil engineers	361	267,229	30,610	34,803	11.5	13.0
54	Agricultural engineers	6	2,681	0	360	0.0	13.4
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	885	704,713	34,305	41,768	4.9	5.9
56	Industrial engineers	320	247,910	20,005	22,404	8.1	9.0
57	Mechanical engineers	421	334,180	20,444	25,044	6.1	7.5
58	Marine and naval architects	13	7,607	1,123	1,309	14.8	17.2
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	316	246,042	7,862	9,661	3.2	3.9
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	21	14,807	1,763	1,763	11.9	11.9
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	2,072	1,675,710	54,763	71,698	3.3	4.3
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	289	232,671	10,068	12,171	4.3	5.2
66	Actuaries	29	21,603	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	39	26,956	4,319	4,893	16.0	18.2
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	6	4,422	0	0	0.0	0.0
69	Physicists and astronomers	39	26,630	205	509	0.8	1.9
73	Chemists, except biochemists	188	137,433	7,611	8,981	5.5	6.5
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	18	11,768	1,350	1,350	11.5	11.5
75	Geologists and geodesists	57	30,510	2,612	3,426	8.6	11.2
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	83	58,925	3,961	4,572	6.7	7.8
77	Agricultural and food scientists	60	42,650	1,439	1,439	3.4	3.4
78	Biological and life scientists	144	107,813	9,922	11,126	9.2	10.3
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	44	18,495	4,777	6,917	25.8	37.4
83	Medical scientists	106	89,342	5,208	7,016	5.8	7.9
84	Physicians	666	500,359	28,808	41,634	5.8	8.3
85	Dentists	59	45,462	987	987	2.2	2.2
86	Veterinarians	41	28,891	0	0	0.0	0.0
87	Optometrists	18	15,805	2,626	2,626	16.6	16.6
88	Podiatrists	6	4,695	811	811	17.3	17.3
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	13	10,195	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	2,918	2,074,741	350,203	395,510	16.9	19.1
96	Pharmacists	266	186,692	16,792	17,616	9.0	9.4
97	Dietitians	125	99,451	7,699	9,140	7.7	9.2
98	Respiratory therapists	113	80,532	3,845	5,710	4.8	7.1
99	Occupational therapists	68	49,382	10,332	12,211	20.9	24.7
103	Physical therapists	185	126,644	6,961	8,199	5.5	6.5
104	Speech therapists	134	95,998	35,974	42,154	37.5	43.9
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	116	92,173	8,166	8,166	8.9	8.9
106	Physicians' assistants	98	72,754	4,068	6,850	5.6	9.4
163	Counselors, Educational and Vocational	350	256,353	84,483	106,950	33.0	41.7
164	Librarians	317	224,323	58,953	66,518	26.3	29.7
165	Archivists and curators	43	27,663	823	823	3.0	3.0
166	Economists	163	116,008	3,080	3,080	2.7	2.7
167	Psychologists	279	188,915	32,242	38,109	17.1	20.2
168	Sociologists	2	1,238	929	929	75.0	75.0
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	32	22,812	1,613	1,721	7.1	7.5
173	Urban planners	28	19,377	835	1,640	4.3	8.5
174	Social workers	1,154	824,700	176,318	198,265	21.4	24.0
175	Recreation workers	173	121,842	9,323	10,880	7.7	8.9
176	Clergy	495	372,207	4,157	4,351	1.1	1.2
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	223	171,524	802	1,926	0.5	1.1
178	Lawyers and Judges	897	658,747	35,902	43,359	5.4	6.6
183	Authors	83	55,109	2,554	2,554	4.6	4.6
184	Technical writers	80	61,820	1,584	1,584	2.6	2.6
185	Designers	724	567,373	26,544	33,358	4.7	5.9
186	Musicians and composers	110	81,075	14,070	14,884	17.4	18.4
187	Actors and directors	113	88,088	13,376	14,022	15.2	15.9
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers	167	127,363	7,000	8,867	5.5	7.0
189	Photographers	102	76,654	10,448	10,448	13.6	13.6
193	Dancers	40	28,161	599	599	2.1	2.1
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	105	82,681	13,618	15,056	16.5	18.2
195	Editors and reporters	357	236,863	18,416	20,180	7.8	8.5
197	Public relations specialists	260	193,337	13,078	15,471	6.8	8.0
198	Announcers	68	44,270	5,582	6,291	12.6	14.2
199	Athletes	108	80,466	11,332	12,739	14.1	15.8
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,337	931,550	152,335	190,310	16.4	20.4
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	7	3,865	281	281	7.3	7.3
114	Biological science teachers	50	32,578	11,266	14,292	34.6	43.9
115	Chemistry teachers	24	17,748	3,078	4,444	17.3	25.0
116	Physics teachers	26	20,857	2,894	3,513	13.9	16.8
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	6	3,877	656	656	16.9	16.9
118	Psychology teachers	47	33,803	4,543	5,402	13.4	16.0
119	Economics teachers	26	18,404	4,752	4,752	25.8	25.8
123	History teachers	29	19,268	2,381	3,006	12.4	15.6
124	Political science teachers	20	15,478	745	1,972	4.8	12.7
125	Sociology teachers	12	9,951	2,693	2,693	27.1	27.1
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	6	4,215	1,743	1,743	41.3	41.3
127	Engineering teachers	46	30,000	5,289	6,270	17.6	20.9
128	Mathematical science teachers	52	39,111	10,114	11,258	25.9	28.8
129	Computer science teachers	31	24,039	3,110	3,110	12.9	12.9
133	Medical science teachers	21	14,859	0	883	0.0	5.9
134	Health specialties teachers	62	40,985	7,759	9,575	18.9	23.4
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	30	22,255	3,031	5,895	13.6	26.5
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	15	8,575	2,814	2,814	32.8	32.8
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	55	34,163	8,707	10,111	25.5	29.6
138	Physical education teachers	10	7,463	2,898	3,645	38.8	48.8
139	Education teachers	14	9,384	2,013	2,756	21.5	29.4
143	English teachers	81	56,371	12,050	14,502	21.4	25.7
144	Foreign language teachers	30	19,260	2,961	3,073	15.4	16.0
145	Law teachers	7	5,256	0	1,152	0.0	21.9
146	Social work teachers	1	316	316	316	100.0	100.0
147	Theology teachers	27	20,356	3,149	3,641	15.5	17.9
148	Trade and industrial teachers	1	783	783	783	100.0	100.0
149	Home economics teachers	0
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	9	6,531	973	1,675	14.9	25.7
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	592	411,799	51,339	66,097	12.5	16.1
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,990	5,096,388	2,240,183	2,525,923	44.0	49.6
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	774	603,451	116,338	129,788	19.3	21.5
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,929	2,143,487	1,132,519	1,264,753	52.8	59.0
157	Teachers, secondary school	1,809	1,300,719	717,766	822,746	55.2	63.3
158	Teachers, special education	520	365,070	207,075	230,819	56.7	63.2
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	958	683,661	66,485	77,818	9.7	11.4
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,716	4,279,387	431,230	500,144	10.1	11.7
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	461	333,744	23,929	29,201	7.2	8.7
204	Dental hygienists	170	119,418	4,382	4,932	3.7	4.1
205	Health record technologists and technicians	22	15,810	791	1,899	5.0	12.0
206	Radiologic technicians	220	160,652	17,755	21,168	11.1	13.2
207	Licensed practical nurses	512	372,729	38,634	46,277	10.4	12.4
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	920	711,178	81,199	91,878	11.4	12.9
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	581	451,627	57,026	69,552	12.6	15.4
214	Industrial engineering technicians	6	5,506	0	0	0.0	0.0
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	24	15,456	5,678	5,678	36.7	36.7
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	294	211,899	30,515	33,585	14.4	15.8
217	Drafting occupations	285	208,555	14,609	15,622	7.0	7.5
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	95	74,057	6,071	6,071	8.2	8.2
223	Biological technicians	154	103,245	6,744	8,672	6.5	8.4
224	Chemical technicians	93	68,895	7,249	8,135	10.5	11.8
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	122	91,846	8,529	9,895	9.3	10.8
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	174	123,697	67,785	73,231	54.8	59.2
227	Air traffic controllers	32	21,616	9,553	11,627	44.2	53.8
228	Broadcast equipment operators	38	28,588	3,901	3,901	13.6	13.6
229	Computer programmers	837	667,395	24,579	34,551	3.7	5.2
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	15	12,793	2,051	2,051	16.0	16.0
234	Legal assistants	531	390,821	11,515	13,300	2.9	3.4
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	130	89,859	8,735	8,917	9.7	9.9
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	18,027	13,676,980	481,285	533,421	3.5	3.9
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	4,785	3,584,150	128,715	141,649	3.6	4.0
253	Insurance sales occupations	569	415,534	8,059	9,838	1.9	2.4
254	Real estate sales occupations	572	432,981	16,797	20,489	3.9	4.7
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	589	455,705	2,870	3,723	0.6	0.8
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	213	156,817	6,939	7,906	4.4	5.0
257	Sales occupations, other business services	945	746,141	26,376	28,353	3.5	3.8
258	Sales engineers	35	29,759	0	930	0.0	3.1
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	1,756	1,365,081	18,470	21,229	1.4	1.6
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	414	310,886	2,147	3,697	0.7	1.2
264	Sales workers, apparel	557	410,463	3,295	3,844	0.8	0.9
265	Sales workers, shoes	134	108,489	0	252	0.0	0.2
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	236	171,511	625	625	0.4	0.4
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	328	258,225	2,212	2,212	0.9	0.9
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	434	320,550	1,813	2,160	0.6	0.7
269	Sales workers, parts	229	175,343	7,231	8,596	4.1	4.9
274	Sales workers, other commodities	1,714	1,303,371	22,130	27,542	1.7	2.1
275	Sales counter clerks	225	168,055	7,670	7,802	4.6	4.6
276	Cashiers	3,868	2,945,427	211,665	226,932	7.2	7.7
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	208	151,550	4,959	6,329	3.3	4.2
278	News vendors	97	72,186	2,014	2,014	2.8	2.8
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	89	68,751	5,422	5,422	7.9	7.9
284	Auctioneers	4	2,933	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	26	23,069	1,876	1,876	8.1	8.1
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING CLERICAL	24,595	18,167,497	2,206,922	2,487,181	12.1	13.7
303	Supervisors, general office	505	379,172	34,714	39,847	9.2	10.5
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	20	13,251	1,043	2,093	7.9	15.8
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	102	68,520	836	836	1.2	1.2
306	Chief communications operators	3	3,147	0	1,366	0.0	43.4
307	Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	285	217,172	39,033	40,373	18.0	18.6
308	Computer operators	447	330,566	31,351	33,424	9.5	10.1
309	Peripheral equipment operators	4	1,803	1,071	1,071	59.4	59.4
313	Secretaries	3,503	2,476,131	208,796	251,677	8.4	10.2
314	Stenographers	158	108,754	10,181	11,159	9.4	10.3
315	Typists	704	536,100	75,011	81,487	14.0	15.2
316	Interviewers	282	208,007	15,766	18,330	7.6	8.8
317	Hotel clerks	226	145,343	6,265	8,695	4.3	6.0
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	349	260,177	39,282	44,314	15.1	17.0
319	Receptionists	1,400	1,033,252	37,730	49,083	3.7	4.8
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	565	423,115	19,132	19,508	4.5	4.6
325	Classified-ad clerks	5	2,817	0	0	0.0	0.0
326	Correspondence clerks	17	8,935	1,331	1,331	14.9	14.9
327	Order clerks	387	297,264	66,050	70,852	22.2	23.8
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	107	83,797	3,088	3,523	3.7	4.2
329	Library clerks	200	145,057	15,892	18,316	11.0	12.6
335	File clerks	430	329,963	19,492	22,341	5.9	6.8
336	Records clerks	300	226,814	36,008	42,552	15.9	18.8
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,015	1,464,754	64,291	73,651	4.4	5.0
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	239	172,891	19,255	22,565	11.1	13.1
339	Billing clerks	270	192,611	14,372	15,110	7.5	7.8
343	Cost and rate clerks	60	43,837	2,967	4,067	6.8	9.3
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	159	121,919	4,279	5,748	3.5	4.7
345	Duplicating machine operators	45	33,063	2,197	2,969	6.6	9.0
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	8	4,886	1,039	1,039	21.3	21.3
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	21	14,772	112	112	0.8	0.8
348	Telephone operators	197	155,788	28,503	35,195	18.3	22.6
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	16	11,090	0	0	0.0	0.0
354	Postal clerks, except mail carriers	383	296,803	217,639	231,535	73.3	78.0
355	Mail carriers, postal service	491	351,504	278,073	290,697	79.1	82.7
356	Mail clerks, except postal service	210	178,197	19,263	21,924	10.8	12.3
357	Messengers	197	149,452	8,663	9,679	5.8	6.5
359	Dispatchers	375	274,468	44,544	48,682	16.2	17.7
363	Production coordinators	290	223,725	20,157	22,395	9.0	10.0
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	884	689,040	100,891	108,823	14.6	15.8
365	Stock and inventory clerks	602	451,437	66,241	74,658	14.7	16.5
366	Meter readers	67	49,408	15,116	15,217	30.6	30.8
368	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers	80	58,128	9,782	9,782	16.8	16.8
373	Expediters	409	307,366	16,538	19,442	5.4	6.3
374	Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.	17	13,004	2,344	2,344	18.0	18.0
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	604	451,492	7,967	7,967	1.8	1.8
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	1,464	1,084,388	49,104	61,843	4.5	5.7
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	128	103,927	26,206	30,354	25.2	29.2
378	Bill and account collectors	223	168,719	11,643	11,643	6.9	6.9
379	General office clerks	1,124	846,557	80,555	95,913	9.5	11.3
383	Bank tellers	593	428,978	2,693	4,821	0.6	1.1
384	Proofreaders	24	15,340	695	695	4.5	4.5
385	Data-entry keyers	970	751,396	70,035	79,662	9.3	10.6
386	Statistical clerks	149	106,795	13,697	15,428	12.8	14.4
387	Teachers' aides	987	709,154	244,902	279,455	34.5	39.4
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,295	943,451	101,082	121,588	10.7	12.9
	PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATIONS	1,010	771,147	4,796	6,174	0.6	0.8
403	Launderers and ironers	1	1,217	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	6	2,869	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	18	14,506	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	345	260,994	0	706	0.0	0.3
407	Private household cleaners and servants	640	491,560	4,796	5,467	1.0	1.1
	PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	3,123	2,383,854	938,244	1,003,006	39.4	42.1
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	42	32,530	22,853	22,853	70.3	70.3
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	148	115,447	55,096	62,081	47.7	53.8
415	Supervisors, guards	69	51,193	4,075	4,875	8.0	9.5
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	22	15,983	3,010	3,010	18.8	18.8
417	Firefighting occupations	318	236,531	162,916	164,838	68.9	69.7
418	Police and detectives, public service	742	551,768	339,721	358,215	61.6	64.9
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	197	151,899	68,468	74,669	45.1	49.2
424	Correctional institution officers	422	356,207	191,678	207,848	53.8	58.4
425	Crossing guards	51	33,202	8,817	9,723	26.6	29.3
426	Guards and police, except public service	949	722,646	74,182	86,867	10.3	12.0
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	163	116,451	7,428	8,028	6.4	6.9
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PROTECTIVE AND HOUSEHOLD	18,717	13,797,690	1,290,465	1,432,253	9.4	10.4