Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 2003 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation (Standard Occupational Classification)	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	23,154	15,465,394	727,088	882,066	4.7	5.7
10	Chief executives	1,612	1,078,170	16,000	22,969	1.5	2.1
20	General and operations managers	1,017	684,436	24,645	30,118	3.6	4.4
40	Advertising and promotions managers	103	60,765	789	789	1.3	1.3
50	Marketing and sales managers	1,194	840,867	9,643	15,403	1.1	1.8
60	Public relations managers	78	46,575	1,084	1,084	2.3	2.3
100	Administrative services managers	123	79,455	3,131	3,881	3.9	4.9
110	Computer and information systems managers	485	339,325	8,518	12,103	2.5	3.6
120	Financial managers	1,496	1,005,515	15,837	20,433	1.6	2.0
130	Human resources managers	410	259,038	6,102	8,563	2.4	3.3
140	Industrial production managers	391	273,694	8,063	10,756	2.9	3.9
150	Purchasing managers	261	174,232	5,805	7,987	3.3	4.6
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	322	221,429	9,380	12,171	4.2	5.5
200	Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers	166	104,165	0	0	0.0	0.0
220	Construction managers	522	370,997	35,829	38,314	9.7	10.3
230	Education administrators	1,149	703,960	113,198	140,351	16.1	19.9
300	Engineering managers	117	77,490	1,694	1,694	2.2	2.2
310	Food service managers	795	545,126	9,648	12,902	1.8	2.4
320	Funeral directors	47	33,455	0	0	0.0	0.0
330	Gaming managers	22	8,622	0	0	0.0	0.0
340	Lodging managers	201	108,137	1,995	3,391	1.8	3.1
350	Medical and health services managers	699	448,126	21,233	25,479	4.7	5.7
360	Natural sciences managers	17	11,279	0	0	0.0	0.0
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	506	353,857	4,004	8,147	1.1	2.3
420	Social and community service managers	495	289,064	18,286	20,506	6.3	7.1
430	Managers, all other	3,890	2,594,832	121,396	149,425	4.7	5.8
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	37	23,564	0	688	0.0	2.9
510	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	26	15,368	0	0	0.0	0.0
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	288	188,625	7,869	8,095	4.2	4.3
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	362	221,641	12,705	16,389	5.7	7.4
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	418	273,835	10,191	10,191	3.7	3.7
560	Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation	195	128,040	29,907	31,133	23.4	24.3
600	Cost estimators	137	93,501	5,977	5,977	6.4	6.4
620	Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists	954	645,403	69,139	73,821	10.7	11.4
700	Logisticians	50	34,145	3,760	3,760	11.0	11.0
710	Management analysts	462	326,137	13,456	16,320	4.1	5.0
720	Meeting and convention planners	42	31,321	241	241	0.8	0.8
730	Other business operations specialists	275	184,109	17,054	21,480	9.3	11.7
800	Accountants and auditors	2,132	1,479,178	70,610	86,752	4.8	5.9
810	Appraisers and assessors of real estate	86	56,427	7,406	7,985	13.1	14.2
820	Budget analysts	91	53,313	2,205	3,762	4.1	7.1
830	Credit analysts	45	29,471	0	738	0.0	2.5
840	Financial analysts	47	37,321	0	0	0.0	0.0
850	Personal financial advisors	343	232,384	107	3,464	0.0	1.5
860	Insurance underwriters	155	104,469	1,982	2,422	1.9	2.3
900	Financial examiners	10	5,220	1,552	1,552	29.7	29.7
910	Loan counselors and officers	620	407,563	10,497	10,585	2.6	2.6
930	Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents	109	76,276	20,874	23,773	27.4	31.2
940	Tax prepares	94	66,358	3,723	4,037	5.6	6.1
950	Financial specialists, all other	58	39,115	1,552	2,437	4.0	6.2
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	38,050	25,418,069	4,603,947	5,247,986	18.1	20.6
1000	Computer scientists and systems analysts	888	652,605	51,926	61,541	8.0	9.4
1010	Computer programmers	727	519,985	19,588	25,252	3.8	4.9
1020	Computer software engineers	980	727,517	31,965	39,925	4.4	5.5
1040	Computer support specialists	487	331,427	14,993	19,830	4.5	6.0
1060	Database administrators	97	73,950	2,162	3,583	2.9	4.8
1100	Network and computer systems administrators	259	172,494	12,742	14,927	7.4	8.7
1110	Network systems and data communications analysts	439	318,038	10,318	18,284	3.2	5.7
1200	Actuaries	32	23,928	0	0	0.0	0.0
1210	Mathematicians	6	4,397	0	0	0.0	0.0
1220	Operations research analysts	154	104,572	9,825	12,655	9.4	12.1
1230	Statisticians	27	16,370	824	824	5.0	5.0
1240	Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations	3	1,939	0	85	0.0	4.4
1300	Architects, except naval	182	119,476	2,471	3,226	2.1	2.7
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	60	37,339	6,019	6,861	16.1	18.4
1320	Aerospace engineers	107	75,138	7,441	8,831	9.9	11.8
1330	Agricultural engineers	4	2,454	0	0	0.0	0.0
1340	Biomedical engineers	11	7,982	0	656	0.0	8.2
1350	Chemical engineers	107	79,335	2,646	4,505	3.3	5.7
1360	Civil engineers	416	273,556	42,014	47,587	15.4	17.4
1400	Computer hardware engineers	117	97,491	2,789	5,889	2.9	6.0
1410	Electrical and electronic engineers	504	345,318	17,314	19,852	5.0	5.7
1420	Environmental engineers	67	42,998	3,593	3,755	8.4	8.7
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	266	182,315	11,238	13,382	6.2	7.3
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	24	15,179	2,432	2,609	16.0	17.2
1450	Materials engineers	62	39,639	1,597	4,486	4.0	11.3
1460	Mechanical engineers	399	275,438	12,598	16,201	4.6	5.9
1500	Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers	13	6,794	84	84	1.2	1.2
1510	Nuclear engineers	14	7,839	0	0	0.0	0.0
1520	Petroleum engineers	20	15,028	0	0	0.0	0.0
1530	Engineers, all other	365	273,852	10,283	12,032	3.8	4.4
1540	Drafters	304	210,890	13,446	14,728	6.4	7.0
1550	Engineering technicians, except drafters	591	415,408	61,005	69,694	14.7	16.8
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	99	68,628	4,645	5,344	6.8	7.8
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	58	35,353	1,453	2,631	4.1	7.4
1610	Biological scientists	166	98,593	6,141	9,606	6.2	9.7
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	52	25,888	6,295	8,224	24.3	31.8
1650	Medical scientists	143	97,755	5,668	9,399	5.8	9.6
1700	Astronomers and physicists	24	15,405	1,010	1,010	6.6	6.6
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	18	8,985	1,065	1,624	11.8	18.1
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	179	131,209	1,989	3,746	1.5	2.9
1740	Environmental scientists and geoscientists	129	73,913	8,154	8,348	11.0	11.3
1760	Physical scientists, all other	143	106,443	7,808	10,750	7.3	10.1
1800	Economists	65	28,842	1,876	2,587	6.5	9.0
1810	Market and survey researchers	157	108,949	0	1,090	0.0	1.0
1820	Psychologists	164	104,745	28,820	32,742	27.5	31.3
1830	Sociologists	8	4,221	535	625	12.7	14.8
1840	Urban and regional planners	32	23,291	5,261	5,933	22.6	25.5
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	64	38,255	708	885	1.8	2.3
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	41	30,484	1,492	1,492	4.9	4.9
1910	Biological technicians	31	21,343	2,250	2,707	10.5	12.7
1920	Chemical technicians	113	77,289	12,853	13,637	16.6	17.6
1930	Geological and petroleum technicians	26	18,199	3,406	3,406	18.7	18.7
1940	Nuclear technicians	5	2,804	1,140	1,140	40.6	40.6
1960	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	225	150,857	10,321	13,954	6.8	9.2
2000	Counselors	957	613,411	125,938	140,482	20.5	22.9
2010	Social workers	1,007	646,858	144,534	163,263	22.3	25.2
2020	Miscellaneous community and social service specialists	468	304,012	73,098	82,263	24.0	27.1
2040	Clergy	593	400,492	4,693	6,186	1.2	1.5
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	83	59,121	873	873	1.5	1.5
2060	Religious workers, all other	126	93,932	1,613	1,613	1.7	1.7
2100	Lawyers, Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers	1,026	672,117	40,542	48,747	6.0	7.3
2140	Paralegals and legal assistants	417	273,854	4,269	4,517	1.6	1.6
2150	Miscellaneous legal support workers	307	188,163	9,461	11,385	5.0	6.1
2200	Postsecondary teachers	1,697	1,091,595	191,294	246,426	17.5	22.6
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	917	657,318	117,274	130,534	17.8	19.9
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	3,876	2,565,407	1,329,011	1,455,418	51.8	56.7
2320	Secondary school teachers	1,821	1,145,276	602,520	680,301	52.6	59.4
2330	Special education teachers	587	364,750	235,527	254,127	64.6	69.7
2340	Other teachers and instructors	743	499,699	44,351	53,279	8.9	10.7
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	55	27,357	1,259	2,295	4.6	8.4
2430	Librarians	314	191,121	39,084	46,813	20.5	24.5
2440	Library technicians	70	44,490	3,414	5,539	7.7	12.4
2540	Teacher assistants	1,441	939,307	283,753	315,371	30.2	33.6
2550	Other education, training, and library workers	87	57,458	13,743	16,873	23.9	29.4
2600	Artists and related workers	139	101,898	5,702	6,415	5.6	6.3
2630	Designers	836	568,331	16,441	20,303	2.9	3.6
2700	Actors	25	19,838	6,967	7,763	35.1	39.1
2710	Producers and directors	134	99,649	10,858	13,026	10.9	13.1
2720	Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers	247	170,252	8,018	10,061	4.7	5.9
2740	Dancers and choreographers	38	24,075	4,008	4,008	16.6	16.6
2750	Musicians, singers, and related workers	137	97,695	10,946	11,892	11.2	12.2
2760	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	19	14,449	1,857	1,857	12.9	12.9
2800	Announcers	72	44,407	3,982	3,982	9.0	9.0
2810	News analysts, reporters and correspondents	130	77,584	11,506	11,651	14.8	15.0
2820	Public relations specialists	193	124,191	3,720	5,365	3.0	4.3
2830	Editors	209	137,567	8,905	10,627	6.5	7.7
2840	Technical writers	80	51,989	2,307	2,641	4.4	5.1
2850	Writers and authors	137	84,007	5,035	5,786	6.0	6.9
2860	Miscellaneous media and communication workers	88	70,807	14,163	15,719	20.0	22.2
2900	Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators	106	86,050	12,497	12,497	14.5	14.5
2910	Photographers	118	82,601	6,556	6,556	7.9	7.9
2920	Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors	27	22,025	6,156	6,156	27.9	27.9
2960	Media and communication equipment workers, all other	2	1,553	698	698	44.9	44.9
3000	Chiropractors	12	7,462	0	0	0.0	0.0
3010	Dentists	66	46,500	1,182	1,182	2.5	2.5
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	113	74,208	7,274	8,123	9.8	10.9
3040	Optometrists	28	19,988	2,244	2,244	11.2	11.2
3050	Pharmacists	312	205,746	12,500	14,126	6.1	6.9
3060	Physicians and surgeons	848	582,915	25,050	35,423	4.3	6.1
3110	Physician assistants	101	63,802	1,146	5,778	1.8	9.1
3120	Podiatrists	7	4,360	121	121	2.8	2.8
3130	Registered nurses	3,710	2,425,429	410,727	471,936	16.9	19.5
3140	Audiologists	14	10,866	1,311	1,311	12.1	12.1
3150	Occupational therapists	108	69,442	7,061	7,240	10.2	10.4
3160	Physical therapists	234	158,572	3,457	3,457	2.2	2.2
3200	Radiation therapists	16	11,331	1,810	1,810	16.0	16.0
3210	Recreational therapists	30	18,050	4,649	5,042	25.8	27.9
3220	Respiratory therapists	134	91,106	13,725	16,369	15.1	18.0
3230	Speech-language pathologists	156	84,456	30,350	35,456	35.9	42.0
3240	Therapists, all other	108	71,534	6,347	6,347	8.9	8.9
3250	Veterinarians	44	25,853	0	0	0.0	0.0
3260	Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other	6	4,722	0	0	0.0	0.0
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	434	282,551	27,807	28,573	9.8	10.1
3310	Dental hygienists	204	124,029	4,123	4,858	3.3	3.9
3320	Diagnostic related technologists and technicians	408	261,476	26,494	32,916	10.1	12.6
3400	Emergency medical technicians and paramedics	182	126,650	28,387	28,387	22.4	22.4
3410	Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians	558	381,269	32,250	40,566	8.5	10.6
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	780	518,158	55,725	64,139	10.8	12.4
3510	Medical records and health information technicians	151	105,802	8,609	10,811	8.1	10.2
3520	Opticians, dispensing	69	45,824	801	801	1.7	1.7
3530	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	132	90,070	8,294	10,547	9.2	11.7
3540	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	82	49,051	11,726	14,951	23.9	30.5
3600	Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides	2,666	1,758,804	245,248	265,460	13.9	15.1
3610	Occupational therapist assistants and aides	27	17,030	577	577	3.4	3.4
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	90	55,065	3,150	3,150	5.7	5.7
3630	Massage therapists	65	47,710	2,155	2,843	4.5	6.0
3640	Dental assistants	373	259,621	8,835	9,731	3.4	3.7
3650	Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations	1,000	685,671	51,575	59,288	7.5	8.6
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	29,683	20,183,237	2,318,411	2,561,847	11.5	12.7
3700	First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers	43	31,693	8,243	8,307	26.0	26.2
3710	First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives	171	124,017	63,781	68,027	51.4	54.9
3720	First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers	67	43,310	21,991	23,649	50.8	54.6
3730	Supervisors, protective service workers, all other	130	94,109	11,606	11,606	12.3	12.3
3740	Fire fighters	375	250,077	169,445	174,136	67.8	69.6
3750	Fire inspectors	35	19,818	8,420	8,420	42.5	42.5
3800	Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers	494	379,516	193,470	201,758	51.0	53.2
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	168	118,097	43,533	48,133	36.9	40.8
3830	Fish and game wardens	11	3,976	1,403	1,403	35.3	35.3
3840	Parking enforcement workers	7	3,868	2,089	2,089	54.0	54.0
3850	Police and sheriff's patrol officers	845	606,111	347,136	371,039	57.3	61.2
3860	Transit and railroad police	3	3,636	751	751	20.7	20.7
3900	Animal control workers	14	11,941	3,217	3,217	26.9	26.9
3910	Private detectives and investigators	79	56,714	5,098	6,734	9.0	11.9
3920	Security guards and gaming surveillance officers	1,114	772,191	78,891	92,637	10.2	12.0
3940	Crossing guards	70	40,643	8,917	9,558	21.9	23.5
3950	Lifeguards and other protective service workers	204	139,304	6,101	6,802	4.4	4.9
4000	Chefs and head cooks	370	264,822	9,974	13,942	3.8	5.3
4010	First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers	897	612,259	25,958	36,383	4.2	5.9
4020	Cooks	2,628	1,813,258	81,244	96,530	4.5	5.3
4030	Food preparation workers	906	604,777	31,740	37,815	5.2	6.3
4040	Bartenders	565	342,295	9,554	12,521	2.8	3.7
4050	Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food	395	257,261	39,725	43,389	15.4	16.9
4060	Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop	514	339,148	2,195	2,195	0.6	0.6
4110	Waiters and waitresses	2,631	1,819,923	28,637	33,681	1.6	1.9
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	262	170,621	27,046	29,264	15.9	17.2
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	548	382,649	26,271	29,256	6.9	7.6
4140	Dishwashers	458	303,434	4,244	6,177	1.4	2.0
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	342	235,576	4,958	5,701	2.1	2.4
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	7	4,440	124	124	2.8	2.8
4200	First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers	255	161,925	17,001	18,415	10.5	11.4
4210	First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	152	112,921	8,715	10,218	7.7	9.0
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	2,926	1,918,464	308,524	352,117	16.1	18.4
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,912	1,274,984	87,444	96,233	6.9	7.5
4240	Pest control workers	70	60,204	2,968	4,058	4.9	6.7
4250	Grounds maintenance workers	1,197	897,481	65,433	68,635	7.3	7.6
4300	First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers	173	101,188	813	1,982	0.8	2.0
4320	First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers	94	67,818	1,061	4,385	1.6	6.5
4340	Animal trainers	22	16,791	0	0	0.0	0.0
4350	Nonfarm animal caretakers	125	84,901	2,347	3,576	2.8	4.2
4400	Gaming services workers	187	94,455	4,995	5,508	5.3	5.8
4410	Motion picture projectionists	18	9,754	1,848	1,848	18.9	18.9
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	80	62,510	4,356	4,356	7.0	7.0
4430	Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers	236	160,086	16,043	17,886	10.0	11.2
4460	Funeral service workers	23	13,170	0	0	0.0	0.0
4500	Barbers	51	46,420	1,371	1,371	3.0	3.0
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	657	449,376	4,206	6,129	0.9	1.4
4520	Miscellaneous personal appearance workers	132	111,107	1,855	3,705	1.7	3.3
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	99	72,974	27,531	28,707	37.7	39.3
4540	Tour and travel guides	49	23,957	1,488	2,494	6.2	10.4
4550	Transportation attendants	163	116,472	88,365	88,365	75.9	75.9
4600	Child care workers	1,238	820,303	37,595	48,254	4.6	5.9
4610	Personal and home care aides	716	470,463	38,693	43,336	8.2	9.2
4620	Recreation and fitness workers	385	261,166	10,280	13,795	3.9	5.3
4640	Residential advisors	61	38,085	2,942	3,935	7.7	10.3
4650	Personal care and service workers, all other	88	62,876	5,232	6,246	8.3	9.9
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	19,424	13,377,927	532,559	598,939	4.0	4.5
4700	First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers	3,597	2,417,052	124,567	130,133	5.2	5.4
4710	First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers	1,348	932,551	20,563	25,577	2.2	2.7
4720	Cashiers	4,211	2,863,168	251,593	267,761	8.8	9.4
4740	Counter and rental clerks	284	204,190	1,616	4,520	0.8	2.2
4750	Parts salespersons	221	139,964	5,336	5,336	3.8	3.8
4760	Retail salespersons	4,243	2,947,359	43,642	51,871	1.5	1.8
4800	Advertising sales agents	244	176,007	4,337	5,767	2.5	3.3
4810	Insurance sales agents	603	422,439	4,557	7,867	1.1	1.9
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	451	338,819	3,624	8,952	1.1	2.6
4830	Travel agents	121	74,144	1,213	1,213	1.6	1.6
4840	Sales representatives, services, all other	644	466,638	27,018	28,708	5.8	6.2
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	1,782	1,241,834	22,595	28,278	1.8	2.3
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	78	59,125	0	0	0.0	0.0
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	704	492,653	10,560	17,780	2.1	3.6
4930	Sales engineers	58	44,595	643	643	1.4	1.4
4940	Telemarketers	277	182,806	1,606	3,095	0.9	1.7
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	213	151,063	4,600	5,623	3.0	3.7
4960	Sales and related workers, all other	345	223,518	4,489	5,816	2.0	2.6
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	28,431	18,945,481	2,109,375	2,374,916	11.1	12.5
5000	First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers	2,325	1,575,326	96,308	110,629	6.1	7.0
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service