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Associate Professor
Department of Communication
Trinity University

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Home > Courses > The Viet Nam War in Popular Memory

The Viet Nam War in Popular Memory - COMM 3325-1


Inside:

Course Calendar

The Purpose of the Course

Reading Materials:
A note on the assigned reading
Organization
Required texts
Recommended texts
Recommended style guide

Viet Nam War Portfolio: Overview | Details

Scheduled Film Showings

Examination Format

Special Guest
Special Relationship


Policies:
Grading
Attendance
Food ingestion
Rules of conduct

Photos:

The American Sacrifice
On the beach
Monuments
Plane crash

IMPORTANT NOTE:
You are responsible for carefully reading this course syllabus and for complying with its requirements.

Purpose

The American sacrifice. Army photographer L. Paul Epley's 1966 image of SP4 Ruediger Richter (Georgia) and Sgt. Daniel E. Spencer (Oregon) as they watch for the helicopter that will airlift the remains of their fellow soldier.

From the National Archives.


"You know, the Viet Nam War, we imagine it's this thing that happened to us when, in fact, it's this thing we did to them."

W.D. Ehrhart
NPR's Talk of the Nation
May, 2001

"My acquaintance with the world in time is by no means as extensive as I might wish, but even a dim sense of the past suggests that without history we become orphans, deprived of our kinship with a wider self---i.e., with those who have gone before and those who will come after---marooned in a perpetual and therefore terrifying present, easy marks for the quack evangelists and political demagogues who speak only to the mysteries of the eternal now and thus would cheat us of our inheritance."

Lewis H. Lapham
"Omens"
Harper's Magazine, January, 1998

This course examines the American ideological crisis generated by the Viet Nam War. It does so by applying cultural and critical theory to the description and analysis of several visual "texts" about the war experience. These visual "texts" are feature films and television dramas that represent and interpret the U.S. experience in the war. Although most of the examples are U.S. products, we will also view one film produced from a Vietnamese perspective and at least one Australian television dramatic series.

The examples span a period of time from the 1950's (soon after the French Foreign Legion's ignominious defeat at Dien Bien Phu) to the present. Although some documentary film examples will be included, the course does not focus on television news coverage of the war. The course will also sample a variety of written texts, including excerpts from some of the major Viet Nam War novels, important essays, soldier memoirs, popular song lyrics and poetry.

The course perceives all cultural forms (television, film, recorded music, literature, dance, drama, oil painting, etc.) as sites of ideological struggle where contending socio-political forces struggle for dominance, or "hegemony." The course also understands the functions of mass media from an anthropological perspective focused on ritual, especially the ritual of healing. So, members of the class will examine the Viet Nam War texts within a theoretical framework of ideological struggle and healing rituals, the two key concepts that will guide our work together.

Our major objective is to describe and critically analyze the development and operation of several rhetorical strategies operating within a specific historical context. These rhetorical strategies play-out in a variety of texts and in a variety of communication channels. These rhetorical strategies are intertextual to the extent that they appear across a broad range of films, TV shows, recorded music, plays, political speeches, etc., and they iterplay with each other. These rhetorical strategies help produce our shared interpretation of the meaning of the Viet Nam War.

Given the fractious and contentious nature of the American experience of the Viet Nam War (what the Vietnamese call "the American War"), it should come as no surprise that our culture has produced little consensus on the war's meaning.Those who believe that Americans have achieved "closure" to the crisis of the Viet Nam War are probably not paying close attention to the way in which the popular memory of the war elps shape contemporary national issues in 2001, twenty-six years after the evacuation of Saigon.. We now embark upon the study of intense cultural conflict, a project that requires open minds and open hearts and a willingness to listen to conflicting and often passionate voices.

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A Note on the Assigned Reading

Members of the class are required to read five assigned books and to apply the reading to an intellectually sophisticated and critical understanding of the films and television programs viewed during class and lab times.

Dittmar & Michaud (From Hanoi to Hollywood) provide a collection of critical essays about Viet Nam War films, many of which we will view this semester.

George Herring (America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975) provides a historical explanation of how the United States became involved in the war, the nature of our involvement, and the consequences of our failure.

Stewart O'Nan (The Vietnam Reader) provides a comprehensive collection of key war texts (including some of the major news photos and rock lyrics) that we will use as points of comparison in our examination of the films and television programs.

Jerry Lembcke (The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam) examines some of the ways that Viet Nam War veterans have been used for domestic political purposes.

Bao Ninh (The Sorrow of War: A Novel of North Vietnam) provides a look at the war experience of those who were our enemy, the North Vietnamese Army.

The required texts are listed below, along with a few recommended texts that you may also find rewarding either now or after the semester is over.

The assigned books are intended to work together in such a way as to help class members develop an understanding of how key mass media texts operate rhetorically within the specific historical context of the Viet Nam War and postwar period.

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Links of Interest:

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Vietnam Reader Study Guide

The American Experience: Vietnam Online

Vietnam: Yesterday and Today

Vietnam Travel Photos

Vietnam Government Tourism Site

ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT

The Anti-War Movement We Are Supposed to Forget by H. Bruce Franklin

The Sixties Project

Country Joe's Place: Vietnam and War News

VIETNAM VETERANS GROUPS

Vietnam Veterans of America

Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc.

Vietnam Veterans Against the War Anti-Imperialist

VIETNAMESE AMERICANS

Vietnamese-Americans.org

Little Saigon Radio

MEMORIALS

Vietnam Veterans Memorial

The Virtual Wall

Australian Vietnam Forces National Memorial

California Vietnam Veterans Memorial

MUSEUMS

National Vietnam Veterans Art Museum, Chicago


Harry Haines and army buddy Bob Haist share views on the war's progress at Cam Ranh Bay, South Viet Nam, 1970.

Guard duty at the Sixth Convalescent Center, Cam Ranh Bay, 1970.

Organization

Our class meetings are scheduled on a Monday / Wednesday pattern, allowing us to view a variety of shorter length materials as part of our lectures and discussions. We will also meet each Tuesday evening from 6:30 to 9:00 to view some of the major feature films about the Viet Nam War. Depending on the length of each film, we may break early on some of these Tuesday nights, or we may find it necessary to go a bit long. The instructor assumes that class members have worked out their scheduling problems with their Academic Advisors in preparation for the Fall Semester, 2001, and that no factors will prevent total compliance with required meetings. Please alert the instructor to any extraordinary, unexpected and possibly unsolvable problem you might have in this regard.

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Required Texts

Dittmar, Linda & Gene Michaud (Eds.) (1990). From Hanoi to Hollywood: The Vietnam War in American Film. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Herring, George C. (1996). (3rd ed.) America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Lembcke, Jerry (1998). The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam. New York: New York University Press.

O'Nan, Stewart (Ed.) (1998). The Vietnam Reader. New York: Anchor Books. New: See also The Vietnam Reader Study Guide. This is a helpful guide to Stewart O'Nan's superb anthology!

Bao Ninh (1993). The Sorrow of War: A Novel of North Vietnam. New York: Riverhead Books.

Class members will also receive lengthy bibliographies of works in a variety of categories for future reading beyond the limits of the course. There are now about 1,500 book titles on topics related to the war and its aftermath, as well as countless Internet websites.

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Recommended Texts

Appy, Christian G. (1993). Working-Class War: American Soldiers & Vietnam. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. [Description and analysis of how the Viet Nam era draft operated to protect white, upper class, college-educated men at the expense of others.]

Bates, Milton J. (1996). The Wars We Took to Vietnam: Cultural Conflict and Storytelling. Berekley, CA: University of California Press. [Cultural analysis of how the Viet Nam War exacerbated American domestic conflicts over race, social class, gender, and generational differences.]

Beattie, Keith (1998). The Scar that Binds: American Culture and the Vietnam War. New York: New York University Press. [More evidence of how well the Aussies understand our culture; an explanation of how Americans achieved some degree of unity following the Viet Nam War, at the expense of denying the nature of the war. Professor Beattie will join us in November.]

Langguth, A.J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War 1954-1975. New York: Simon & Schuster. [Jack Langguth worked as a New York Times reporter and as the paper's Saigon bureau chief during the critical years of 1965, 1968 and 1970; this superb history draws upon the most recently released documents in Washington and Hanoi and provides a dramatic explanation of how and why decisions were made by the major players.]

Nicosia, Gerald (2001). Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans' Movement. New York: Crown Publishers. [The definitive history of the GI anti-war movement and how Americans discarded their war veterans.]

Sheehan, Neil (1988). A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam. New York: Random House. [Sheehan was a young reporter who covered the war for United Press International and for the New York Times, and he was instrumental in the publication of the Pentagon Papers. John Paul Vann was a Lieutenant Colonel, ultimately forced to resign his commission, who figured out early on that the U.S. strategy was fatally flawed and that it fail. In the war zone, Vann taught Sheehan and other reporters how to understand the complexities of the war and the political situation in Saigon. Sheehan wrote this biography as a debt of gratitude to Vann, who was killed in action.]

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Recommended Style Guide

Lunsford, Andrea & Robert Connors (1999). The Everyday Writer: A Brief Reference. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's.

This excellent guide covers the basics for essay writers. It includes a very handy summary of the American Psychological Association's (APA) style guide, and it answers specific questions about how to list references from a variety of sources.

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Course Study Guide

Class members will receive Study Guide questions throughout the semester. The Study Guide is intended to help make your reading efficient and rewarding. Many of the midterm and final examination questions will be drawn from the Study Guide. It should also function to help raise discussion issues in our class meetings.

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At the Temple of Literature, imperial capital of Hue, 1988. The giant tablets record the names of top students in national examinations over several centuries.

Among the war dead. These monuments mark the graves of North Vietnamese soldiers. Foreign visitors were discouraged from visiting South Vietnamese military cemeteries in 1988.

Grading

The grading policy is structured to generously reward class members who keep up with their reading. The instructor encourages the development of study groups and will happily meet with them when invited to do so. Class members who choose not to make use of the Study Guide questions will find it difficult to understand lectures and discussions and will place themselves at a grave disadvantage when taking the examinations. Students who typically delay their reading and who "cram" before midterm and final examinations should opt for a more responsible approach or consider dropping the course.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION: 20%
FINAL TAKE-HOME EXAMINATION: 20%
VIET NAM WAR PORTFOLIO: 40%
PARTICIPATION 20%

Definition of Participation:
The instructor understands "participation" as a set of functional behaviors reinforced by the First Year Seminar experience at Trinity. These behaviors are observable. They include active and knowledgeable discussion of relevant issues, careful and disciplined reading of the assigned texts (as evidenced by the ability to discuss the texts in class, on written examinations and within the Viet Nam War Portfolio), regular and punctual class attendance, the willingness to challenge assertions and to seek clarification, the demonstration of courtesy to all speakers, and the habit of note-taking during all class meetings, including the film presentations. Additionally, participation is gauged by the number and quality of student-professor interactions outside of the classroom setting. Students who do not demonstrate signs of active engagement with the life of the course should anticipate below average participation grades.

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Examination Format

The Midterm and Final Examinations will be comprehensive tests. Each examination will give class members the opportunity to provide evidence of (1) the ability to synthesize the assigned readings, lectures and discussions, (2) the ability to identify specific films and television programs within an historical context and in relation to the theoretical framework introduced in the course, and (3) the ability to make confident and well supported claims about the texts we will investigate. The two examinations will contain brief essay questions, many of them emerging directly from the Study Guide. In some areas of each examination, students will be given a number of optional questions from which to choose. Previous examinations are on library reserve.

The Midterm Examination will be conducted in class on October 22. The Take-Home Final Examination will be distributed in class on November 26 and due no later than 9:00 a.m., December 20, at our Final Examination Period.

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The Viet Nam War Portfolio

Overview | Detailed Information

This is a small group assignment aimed at fostering collegial efforts focused on understanding specific aspects of the war experience and media representations. We will organize the class into groups of three or four by the end of the second week. Please indicate group member preferences on theinormatioformistiute it this coure llaus A detaied exanation of the Viet Nam War Portfolio assignment is attached to this course syllabus.

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The wreckage on display at a Hanoi museum, 1987.

Attendance Policy

Class members are expected to attend our meetings on a regular basis. A total of two absences (one week) is permitted, although it will be very difficult to catch-up if you fall behind in this course. Four or more absences will result in an automatic failure. The two absences include "excused" absences. They should be conserved like "sick leave" to be used in the event of family emergencies or illnesses. For those suffering serious illness or family emergency, etc., requiring more than two weeks (four absences), withdrawal from the course will be required. Incompletes will be given only when thoroughly documented criteria are presented consistent with University policy. Members of University team activities who will be absent at scheduled times during the semester should identify those dates immediately and inform the instructor in writing very early in the semester. An attendance sheet will be distributed at each class and lab meeting. Please remember to sign the sheet. It will serve as the official class attendance record.

CLASS MEETINGS BEGIN PROMPTLY AT 3:55 p.m

Students who are consistently late for class meetings constitute an organizational nuisance and will have their final grades in the course lowered by one full letter grade.

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Scheduled Film Showings (Tuesdays, 6:30-9:00 p.m., RCC 320)

We will meet as a group on Tuesday evenings at 6:30 p.m. to view the films listed in the Class Calendar below. These viewings are required, they are not negotiable, and all class members are expected to arrive on time. You will receive detailed instructions on how to critically view the films, and you should regard the viewing time as "work," not as "entertainment." One Tuesday night absence is permissible, but you would do well to attend all showings. The instructor will not make the films available outside of the scheduled showings. Students who miss more than one film showing will have their final grades dropped by one full letter grade and a grade of "F" will be assigned to the participation portion of the final grade. Roll will be taken at these meetings, and students who leave early will be marked absent. The instructor regards group participation as a crucial component of the course experience. Students who are unable or unwilling to attend these Tuesday evening showings should drop the course immediately.

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Unscheduled Quizzes

From time to time, unscheduled quizzes may be given in order to assure careful reading and to prepare us for the examinations. The quiz grades will be factored into the participation percentage of the final grade.

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Attendance Sheet

Class members are asked to sign the attendance sheet distributed at the beginning of each class meeting and film showing. The signed sheets constitute the official record of attendance. If you forget to sign the attendance sheet, you will be counted absent.

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Special Guest

In November, Professor Keith Beattie will join us for a couple of days of discussion and a guest lecture. Professor Beattie, author of The Scar That Binds: American Culture and the Vietnam War, is Director of the Contemporary Studies Program at the University of Queensland, Australia.

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Special Relationship

This semester, COMM 3325-1 will interact with PLSI-1, Violent Conflict in World Politics, a course taught by Political Science Professor Mary Ann Tetreault.

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Food Ingestion

Class members are privileged to work in a professional environment. Our class meetings will not offer the opportunity for meals. Plan early in the semester to eat and drink before or after our class meetings, not during our class meetings. Violations of this University rule will be reported to the Vice President for Academic Affairs.

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Rules of Conduct

Students are expected to know and to comply with the rules regarding plagiarism, etc., published in the Student Handbook. If you have not read this section of the Student Handbook, do so immediately. If you are uncertain of what constitutes plagiarism, ask the instructor for clarification during class meetings or privately. The University's policy regarding plagiarism requires, as a matter of contractual obligation, faculty members to report all suspected infractions, and the instructor will comply with the rules as published in the Handbook.

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