December 1, 1996
Introductory Quotation
on Leading WWW SoftwareInternet 1969 (circa
1969) vs WWW (circa 1990)Asynchronous
Learning on Intranets and the WWWTrends Asynchronous
Network LearningAdobe Acrobat Pro and
Compose for Network Lesson ModulesHotMetal ProToolBook II Instructor
and NeuronAsymetrix InSite News
Email Message in October 1996Asymetrix SuperCede
News Email Message in November 1996High-End Authoring Software SurveyFrom my Technology Glossary at http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen/245glosf.htm#PDF1
I have been playing a little more with Version 4 of Adobe Acrobat. The most common way to generate an Acrobat PDF file is to create a document in a word processor (say a DOC file) or a spreadsheet (say a XLS file). With Adobe Exchange installed, you can simply save a second copy of the document as a PDF file. In the past, I pretended there was a glass barrier in which the original images were behind the glass (and could not be modified with Adobe Exchange) versus Acrobat Exchage things that you could do in front of the glass (such as add annotations, hyperlinks, bookmarks, audio, video, etc.). Prior to Version 4, any changes in content of the file behind the glass could not be made using Adobe Exchange. Version 4, however, allows certain types of changes such as "touching up" words, insertion of pages, and renumbering of pages. However, most serious modifying and editing of text or data are still best accomplished by returning to the word processor or spreadsheet program. For example, if I added text in a sentence I could not get the longer sentence to easily wrap around and adjust the lines for the added text. Have any of you found a way to make such text wrappings automatice in PDF text editing?
Version 4 of Adobe Acrobat (particularly the Adobe Exchange module) certainly makes it easier to publish web documents in PDF form rather than HTML or dome other DTD. Version 4 is a significant upgrade. The main advantage is that the original document produced on a word processor or spreadsheet program does not have to be edited and touched up in the same manner that an HTML conversion often requires fixing up and images. For example MS Word tables and Excel tables do not have to be fixed up in a PDF file, but these tables almost always have to be fixed up following a conversion to a HTM file. Images do not have to be stored in separate files like they do for HTML documents. Another advantage arises in that the hard copy printout of the PDF file is nearly perfect in terms of looking just like the original DOC or XLS printout.
But there is one huge disadvantage of a PDF document on the web that is often overlooked. That disadvantage is that a PDF document cannot be scanned by web search engines such as Altavista, HotBot, and Lycos. If authors want to have their work picked up by search engines, one possibilty is to publish a summary of the PDF document in a separate HTML document. Include lots of key words and text in the HTML document that will motivate users to click on the hyperlink to the PDF file.
Adding (limited) text editing capabilities will not be viewed happily by all authors. For example, PDF files are often the files of choice by corporations issuing annual reports. A main reason is that they print so nicely from PDF files. Another reason in the past, however, was that users could not modify the text in a PDF file. With Version 4 of Acrobat Exchange, however, readers can change text, insert pages, import other PDF files, repaginate, etc. PDF authoring no longer comforts authors that their documents remain "Pretty Decidedly Fixed" after they are downloaded by users. However, editing in Adobe Exchange is still far more limited and troublesome than the ease with which users can change anything in HTML editors.
The Internet commenced as a means of linking supercomputing research centers with each other and the Pentagon. It commenced in 1969 with four sites. Over the next two decades it grew slowly and was hardly noticed by the commercial world and the general public. Only UNIX propeller heads could hack around on the Internet. The World Wide Web (WWW) commenced much later as a means of hyperlinking text (and later graphics, animations, audio, and video) on the Internet.
The WWW Founder was Dr. Tim Berners-Lee, European Laboratory for Particle Physics known as (CERN). The WWW intent was to make it easier to hyperlink worldwide documents on the Internet. The two main hypertext (HT) features were the HTML markup language for embedding in text files and the HTTP transfer protocol for reading HTML in a WWW browser. Berners-Lee proposed the WWW in 1989 and saw the first application of it in 1990 with the cooperation of several physicists around the world.
Before the advent of the Mosaic browser in 1992, however, there were only about 50 WWW sites. WWW use did not explode worldwide until Marc Andreessen's Netscape Navigator became available in November 1994. After Navigator exploded in popularity, the WWW soared in education, entertainment, medicine, and commerce, etc. In 1997, over 10 million WWW sites are expected on an exponential growth curve that will turn even more chaotic as web sites become widespread on television sets as well as computers. Apple's Pippin and other web readers for television sets are already available.
Accounting educators were early leaders in applications of software for spreadsheets, databases, and general ledger accounting. They lagged in using presentation software (Harvard Graphics, PowerPoint, Freelance, Astound, etc.), but they are now generating classroom presentations to a fault. I say to "a fault," because I believe too many course instructors in virtually all disciplines are using presentation software as "synchronous" lecture aids in a networking era where lecturing should be on the decline for technical education and training. This does not mean I advocated replacing classrooms and instructors. It does mean that I advocate the decline of the lecture method.
My contention is that technical learning (education and training) is better when taking place in "asynchronous" hypermedia (with lots of audio) interfacing with a student (or student teams) at individualized paces with options for repeating as often as needed by the learner(s). Ideally, the learner is simultaneously hyperlinked to worldwide databases, lesson aids, recorded experts, off-line (email) experts, and possibly on-line (live) experts. In classrooms, lecture time should give way to student air time. Students should use classroom time for case discussions, skits, and question/problem feedback sessions (e.g., student team games). Instructors play a greater role in facilitating and evaluating learning than they do in traditional lecturing on technical details. Classrooms should be devoted to having students demonstrate what they have learned or are learning from case and other classroom discussions. Of course there should also be visiting experts in selected classes and field trips.
Because commercial learning modules are not likely to exactly suit individual instructors, instructors will want to put their own learning materials on network servers and CDs. Instead of synchronous-learning presentation software, authors of hypermedia utilize asynchronous hypermedia authoring software. Until lesson modules are widespread on topics to be covered in a course, instructors will have to do much of the hypermedia lesson authoring for campus servers, intranets connecting remote learning sites, and/or the WWW serving up of learning modules anywhere in the world. In simple terms, intranet is the descriptive term being used for the implementation of Internet technologies within organizations or subsets of organizations. Due to costs of setting up intranets, they are becoming a boom more in the business world than in education. However, educational uses will emerge. For a summary of documents on the explosion of the intranets, click here and then type in the search word "intranet."
A lecture by definition is sychronous in that all students receive the same sequence of material at the same learning pace. A textbook can be asynchronous since the sequencing and pace can be set by individual learners at their own chosen time and pace of study. Asynchronous learning modules are also widely available in text form on the WWW and on campus computer networks. Most universities now offer some courses on the WWW. The Western Virtual University is expected to be on line by Fall of 1997. This project was sponsored by 21 governors from Texas to Western Samoa. Major universities throughout those 21 jurisdictions will offer networked asynchronous (distributed education) courses in varied curricula leading to accredited degrees with rigorous performance standards. Once again, I repeat that I am not in favor of completely replacing live courses with virtual courses, but this phenomenon will become more widespread. I am more in favor of combining live classrooms with networked lesson modules. Perhaps the number of classroom contact hours should be reduced as the time demands for networked learning become more pressing for students.
With the advent of Java (from Sun Microsystems), Shockwave (from Macromedia), and Neuron (from Asymetrix), entire courses are going to become more than text and graphics. Lessons will be filled with audio, animations, and video. They will be on-line in the sense that nearly every screen will contain hyperlink controls (buttons, hotwords, etc.) for networking to other learning modules, databases, experts, etc. around the world.
The major constraint in upgrading from hypertext to hypermedia on networks is the limited size of the hoses (bandwidth) needed to carry trillions of bits per second to schools, factories, homes, and offices. Until there is less artery constriction, experts contend that dynamic hypermedia lessons will become networked lessons that control access to CDs purchased by students. The CDs contain the hypermedia (animation, audio, and video) files too cumbersome to transport on network arteries. The CDs are now CD-ROM disks but will soon be CD-DVD disks having greatly increased storage capacity. The networked lessons are "dynamic" in the sense that they can be altered at any time by instructors and students at points where they are given writing privileges on the basis of their logged in password codes. CD lesson media files cannot be altered quite as often as the network server files, but at CD reproduction prices at less than a dollar per CD-ROM disc, it is relatively inexpensive to revise such discs. Note that gold masters can be recorded at faculty desktops for less than $5 per disc on CD-R recording machines costing less than $800. Some computer vendors now offer CD-ROM a CD-ROM player and recorder all in the same unit in one drive bay of the computer.
Instructors who want the easiest and fastest way of putting text, hypertext, and even hypermedia lesson modules on network servers will love Adobe Acrobat. You cannot purchase Adobe Acrobat from Adobe. Most software stores and catalogs carry the product at varying prices. The main module called Acrobat Exchange is simple to learn (less than one hour should be enough) and even easier to use. I say easy to use, because most authors already use a word processor such as Microsoft Word or Word Perfect. Acrobat Exchange installs a print option on virtually any word processor. Then all that is needed to make an Acrobat PDF file is to click on <File, Print> and choose Acrobat in place of your usual printer. Instead of printing in hard copy, Acrobat Exchange creates a PDF file of your document that can now be placed on a web server and be read by any person on the WWW who has downloaded a free Adobe Acrobat reader from <http://www.adobe.com/>. Examples of Acrobat files are contained on my web page at <http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen>.
Some users may want to purchase an add-on product for Adobe Acrobat called Re:mark for $129.95 from Amibia Corporation, 1953 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043. The phone number is 415-428-0160 and the fax number is 415-428-0163. Remark adds a number of markup features to Acrobat, including the ability to add personalized comments, organized annotations, and security levels to annotations. Re:mark will also allow you to consolidate comments of multiple persons such as reviewers of a document.
Heavy duty Adobe Acrobat Pro authors may want to purchase an add-on product called Compose from Software Partners, Inc at http://www.ambia.com/compose/ .
Bookmarks by Example automatically creates bookmarks from chapter and section headings.
Table of Contents Builder constructs linked tables of contents for individual or collections of PDF files.
Batch Meister processes collections of documents in batch. Most Compose tools can be used in batch.
Page Linker automatically links tables of contents and index pages.
Chain Linker automatically links together all instances of a word or text string.
Copy Linker copies hypertext links throughout a document.
Document Auditor checks for broken links and bookmarks and fixes them right on the spot.
Document Composer quickly assembles composite documents.
Document Paginator adds pagination, headers, and footers to documents.
Masking Tool lets the user hide portions of a page. NEW FOR VERSION 3.3
Overlay Tool adds an overlay or watermark. NEW FOR VERSION 3.3
Bookmark and Link Manager manages bookmarks and links. NEW FOR VERSION 3.3
Signet Author adds document security without passwords. Limit documents by date range, number of uses or
number of days.
File Open Option Manager sets file open options for a set of files.
Security Manager sets Acrobat security options for a set of files.
Aerial Tools creates page map and index list for use with Ambia's Aerial product.
Fill Document Information populates the General Information Fields in a group of PDF documents.
Create Thumbnails for a batch of files with one click.
Document linker links documents. NEW FOR VERSION 3.3
Set Base URL when you want to make a web link.
Load Settings loads previously saved settings for one or more tools.
Save Settings saves often used settings for reapplying later with Batch Meister.
Configure Tool Palette adds or removes Compose tools form the tool palette.
Compose User's Guide describes all the tools and how to use them to save time.
A limited version of Signet Registry and Authenticator is included in Compose.
Create bookmarks quickly
.
Until now, HTML conversion and editing programs for web document and course authoring have been, in one word, awful. Unlike Adobe Acrobat (that more or less takes a photograph of each document page rather than convert it to anything), HTML converters add HTML code to make word processor documents readable in virtually all network browsers. The latest Version 3 of HTML has not been attainable in conversion software until the past few months. In my viewpoint, the top options are HotMetal Pro from SoftQuad in Canada, FrontPage at $149 from Microsoft Corporation, and the Web Graphics Suite from Corel. FrontPage is reviewed in PC Computing, July 1996, pp. 54-58. Tips and FAQs regarding hotmetal pro are also contained in another document written by me. Some good news and bad news based upon my early experiences with HotMetal Pro Version 3 are as follows:
No HTML converters can exactly reproduce document pages when there are no HTML codes to conform to word processor features. Examples of things which cannot presently be converted from Microsoft word include the following: * annotations * borders and shading * captions * character formatting (e.g. font, superscript) * drawing layer elements * embedded objects, or "cut and pasted" objects, such as equations, clip art, Word Art, and MS Draw objects * fields--only the field result is converted * footnotes and endnotes * frames * graphics embedded via the Clipboard * headers and footers * indented paragraphs in any paragraph style * index entries * page breaks and section breaks * revision marks and * tabs.
Asymetrix Corporation has just released its first authoring package called Instructor in its new ToolBook II system of software for authoring, cataloging, and distributing network courses. You can learn more about ToolBook II at <http://www.asymetrix.com/> or telephone 800-448-6543, 800-448-6543, or 206-637-1500 outside North America. I just installed Instructor and my reaction is mixed!. The first good news is that my thousands of hours of former Multimedia ToolBook Version 3 and 4 lesson modules (on my CD-ROM discs and the Trinity University network server) can all be converted in seconds into ToolBook II Instructor files (although having done so means these files can no longer be read by Version 4). There are a few minor things that cannot be done in Instructor that were feasible in Version 4 (ToolBook II Instructor wants graphics embedded in text to be BMP graphics whereas Version 4 allowed icon ICO file extensions). Authors may still code in OpenScript or Visual Basic. Or they can use Instructor Templates for lessons and examinations without having to do any coding (similar to options in Version 4). I don't recommend purchasing cbt Multimedia ToolBook now that ToolBook II Instructor is available, because virtually everything can be done in Instructor (except relatively minor things that cannot be done are due to constraints of HTML conversions and browsers).
In my personal opinion, ToolBook II Instructor is presently unique as the most state-of-the-art software for authoring networked learning modules or complete courses. Macromedia at <http://www.macromedia.com/> took an early lead with the free Shockwave reader for networked Director and Authorware courses, but now Asymetrix has surged ahead with the free ToolBook Neuron reader plus HTML and Java conversion options.. Soon Macromedia will take another leap forward and so the race goes on for making authoring both better and easier. Competition is absolutely wonderful for customers like us!
ToolBook II Instructor will be accompanied any day now with ToolBook II Librarian. The Librarian will come in several very expensive licensing options that have not yet been priced (the range will be somewhere from $5,000 to $50,000). At <http://www.asymetrix.com/toolbook2/librarian/> you may read the following product description:
A core component of the ToolBook II solution and the only one of its kind, ToolBook II Librarian is a server-based course management system that oversees the Internet deployment of ToolBook II WebBooks. Built on the popular Java network programming language, ToolBook II Librarian allows course instructors and administrators to monitor student activity anywhere in the world. By leveraging the unique, two-way communications capability of the Internet, it is now possible to certify that a student has received a course; observe a student's progress; and record test results and other valuable feedback. In this way, instructors are able verify each student's level of understanding enabling certification programs and accredited degrees.
ToolBook II Instructor has a listed price of $2,000 that will be discounted down to about $1,600 by mail order catalog firms. A special version for students and educators is now available for $99. Features are described below in an email message from Paolo Tosolini in Asymetrix Corporation:
Return-Path: (tosolini@asymetrix.com)
From: Paolo Tosolini (tosolini@asymetrix.com)
To: Bob Jensen (rjensen@tucc7.tucc.trinity.edu)
Subject: RE: Chapter 2
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 96 19:42:00 PST Encoding: 47 TEXT
Bob, thanks for you note. I'll visit your web pages soon. They look like to have a very interesting content. BTW, did you see we released the Student Edition some days ago? Here it is: This is to explain better the difference between ToolBook II and the Student Edition. ToolBook II S.E. is basically ToolBook II Instructor with restrictions applied to the redistribution of the files (limited licence, no runtime and setup manager), to the courses administration modules (no CMS) and technical support. It includes all the standard and Internet widgets that Instructor has, as well as the capability to export your files into HTML/Java. At the moment ToolBook II S.E. is available in USA and Canada, only, The price is $99 + s/h. Availability for all the other countries is expected by February '97. A price has not been set yet for these markets. To place your order contact Asymetrix directly. ToolBook II S.E. is NOT available through resellers or bookstores. Students only are eligible to buy this product. A valid student ID is required to be faxed to Asymetrix. Please contact Asymetrix Telesales for more information:
Asymetrix Corp.
110 - 110th Avenue N.E., Suite 700 Bellevue,
WA 98004
Sales: (800) 448-6543 FAX: (206) 637-1504
-- Paolo Tosolini, Asymetrix Corp. -- International Technical Product Manager -- tel. (206) 637 1676 - fax. (206) 455 3071 -- Internet: tosolini@asymetrix.com - http://www.asymetrix.com
- +HTML and Java hypermedia ToolBooks readable in WWW browsers;
- Asymetrix also offers an innovative Java authoring program called SuperCede that is described below.
- +Hypermedia ToolBooks to be read with a free Neuron browser plug-in;
- Neuron will run as a plug-in inside a Netscape or Explorer window rather than as its own separate APP. This leaves the browser controls at your disposal while you are using Acrobat. Also, you can author HTML files as frames and then run a ToolBook file in one frame and an HTML file in an adjoining frame. Great innovations are possible using this design. You can also show two versions of a single document in adjoining frames.
- +Hypermedia ToolBooks with automatic setups for commercial CDs.
- With nearly every upgrade of ToolBook, Asymetrix has made it easier for developers to generate installation of runtime files and a setup.exe file to authomatically set up a ToolBook application on a user's computer.
This section contains points emphasized by Asymetrix as new features in Instructor. ToolBook II Instructor offers many new features that are all fully documented. Visit the What's New at <http://www.asymetrix.com/>.
Selected new features are listed below:
Once you have created your ToolBook II book, you can export it as a series of HTML pages for
distribution on the Internet. (Note that you cannot write your own OpenScript code for HTML conversion as noted under "Bad News" above.). For example, buttons containing OpenScipt code will show up as buttons in the HTML version, but they will not execute the code unless you use Instructor to create the HTML code for the button.
Any object you put on a ToolBook II page can now be set to launch a web browser and jump to an
Internet site on command.
Once you have created your HTML pages, you'll need to upload those pages to a server on the
Internet with the new FTP utility. More advanced applications developers will use the utility as a
system book to create custom ToolBook II applications. An example might be a kiosk that updates
price lists automatically by downloading new information from a remote server at regular intervals.
ToolBook II Instructor now has an entire catalog of widgets designed for the Internet. Find widgets
for navigation, playing media, placing text, creating image maps, and more.
ToolBook II Instructor users can now deliver interactive courses on the Web using
Create interactive courseware for use on the Internet with ToolBook II Instructor question widgets.
These widgets allow you to deploy multiple choice, true/false, rating by multiple choice, and fill-in-
the-blank questions to students world wide. Java-based response checking widgets allow you to
provide students feedback in response to their answers -- all via the World Wide Web. In addition,
combined with the companion product, ToolBook II Librarian, all of your trainee responses can be
captured and evaluated anywhere in the world!
The Hyperlink dialog box now allows you to link to Web pages.
ToolBook II offers several tiling backdrop options for your Web pages and your local ToolBook II
books.
The ToolBook II Export as HTML feature automatically exports bitmapped graphics in the
appropriate format (GIF is the default; JPG for 256 colors or more).
If you want to use an open file dialog box that can display long file names, for example, you can use
the openFileDlg32() function. Its syntax is identical to that for the openFileDlg() function for ease of
use.
The LinkDLL32 control structure allows you to link to 32-bit DLLs via OpenScript.
NOTE Functions in 32-bit DLLS are case sensitive.
The Learning Center offers instant access to online books, Help, Tutorials, utilities, and sample
applications.
Forcing a repaint by either moving the Netscape Navigator 2.0 window or resizing it after the Java applet placeholders have appeared, but before the final graphics have been drawn, may cause the applet graphics to appear in incorrect positions. Clicking the Reload button may correct this problem.
An Execution Suspended occurs when using the export resource command when exporting an icon.
After Java question widgets provide audio feedback, the digital audio device is not released to the system. You must exit Netscape Navigator 2 before any other application can play sound.
Asymetrix InSite News - October, 1996
Welcome to the first edition of Asymetrix InSite News! Each month, the News will bring you a quick summary of all the latest hot news from Asymetrix Corporation and from our web site, Asymetrix InSite (http://www.asymetrix.com/). In addition to InSite News you will receive the news flashes and announcements as they happen. If you wish to unsubscribe from this service, it is easy. Just see the instructions at the end of this message.
+----- Hot New Stuff on Asymetrix InSite -----+
See how TOOLBOOK II WINS over the competition at the National Software Testing Laboratories, the leading independent testing facility for the microcomputer industry. NTSL rigorous test of CBT and Multimedia authoring systems proves ToolBook II Instructor is the best authoring system for kiosk and CBT applications! http://www.asymetrix.com/toolbook2/nstl/ Want to find out how to create the next generation of Computer-based Training applications for the Internet? Register online for a FREE ASYMETRIX CBT SEMINAR in your area! http://www.asymetrix.com/events/cbt_seminar
Have you visited Asymetrix Marketplace? It is the EASIEST WAY TO BUY Asymetrix Products and regularly features promotional opportunities to save $$ on your favorite Asymetrix products. Check it out! http://www.asymetrix.com/marketplace Asymetrix and Allen Communication announce DesignersEdge for ToolBook II! This important agreement brings standardization to the design and pre-authoring process. http://www.asymetrix.com/pr/allen.htm
+----- More Hot News from Asymetrix -----+
Neuron in Beta for Internet Explorer is now available for FREE DOWNLOAD! Now users can interact with multi-media rich ToolBook applications anywhere on the Internet using IE or Netscape Navigator. Click on http://www.asymetrix.com/toolbook/neuron/
If you are a Web 3D user you will want to get a your FREE DOWNLOAD of version 1.0a. With it you can generate animations in GIF89a format, select from two additional camera perspective settings. http://www.asymetrix.com/digital/web3d If you are not a Web 3D user, go to Marketplace now and get a copy! http://www.asymetrix.com/marketplace
Asymetrix Corporation announces that it will receive an equity investment from SOFTBANK, the world's largest publisher of computer-related magazines and books, and the leading producer of technology-related trade shows and expositions. http://www.asymetrix.com/pr/softbank.htm
Toshiba Information Systems licenses Asymetrix's SuperCede VM technology. One of the first implementations of the technology will be a "Go World Ranking Contest" to be held at Internet Expo '96. The goal of this contest is to introduce Go, one of Japan's cultural traditions, to the world through the Internet! http://www.asymetrix.com/pr/toshiba.htm
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This is Asymetrix InSite News, a quick summary of all the hot news from Asymetrix Corporation and our web site, Asymetrix InSite (http://www.asymetrix.com/).
+----- HOT NEWS: SuperCede for Java Beta Version is Here! -----+
See why Jim McLaughlin from Giga Information Group called SuperCede a "breakthrough environment" for Java development: Get the FREE DOWNLOAD of SuperCede - Java Edition, Beta Version http://www.asymetrix.com/nettools/scjava/download_index.htm. Request the SuperCede Beta Media Kit from Marketplace for only .95 http://www.asymetrix.com/marketplace/
See how SuperCede SINKS THE COMPETITION with the first visual on-the-fly development environment for Java. Only SuperCede lets you modify and update an application as it runs, delivering the productivity of interpreted environments with the performance traditional compiled executables.
"[SuperCede's] interactivity ... is very compelling." Mike Homer, Senior VP, Netscape
SuperCede is the world's only visual ON-THE-FLY development environment for Java. Get all the details on the beta version, see how the it stacks up against other Java tools, and how SuperCede changes the way developers have had to work for the last 20 years. http://www.asymetrix.com/nettools/
"I'm impressed with [SuperCede's] design goals." Jesse Berst, Editorial Director, ZD Net AnchorDesk
+----- MORE HOT NEWS from Asymetrix -----+
Join us at Asymetrix.LIVE!, Asymetrix's new ongoing series of live web events. On November 19 Asymetrix.LIVE! will be hosting a panel of ToolBook II developers to give you the latest scoop on how to develop and manage distance learning on the Internet. Register now for a free reminder and enter the Asymetrix.LIVE! sweepstakes. http://www.asymetrix.com/events/asymlive/
SAVE 25%! Order Digital Video Producer today online in Asymetrix Marketplace for only . Awesome video effects made easy. Now save 25% through November 15, 1996. http://www.asymetrix.com/marketplace/
Asymetrix ships ToolBook II Librarin management system for the Internet. http://www.asymetrix.com/toolbook2/librarian/
ListName: Asymetrix_News EmailRecipient: rjensen@trinity.edu